Samuel Stillman  Pierce - S. S. Pierce (http://books.google.com/ books?id=nI63nD0FG-gC&pg=PA17&img=1&zoom= 3&hl=en&ots=xPJqOGSwFx&sig= ACfU3U3VTSvLoq9zpX_ SkWNDwHfYufUQ8A&w=575)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arthur Hannaford - Hannaford Bros. (http://www.hannaford.com/Images/ Our_Company/1839.gif)

Picture Of Frank Henry Gillingam

FH Gillingham - oldest in Vermont (http://www.gillinghams.com/ media/Other/fhgwithdog1.jpg)

Robert C. Kidd - Overwaitea (http://www.overwaitea.com/ aboutus/images/rc_kidd.jpg)

M.B. and Estella Skaggs [17]

Marion B. and Estella Skaggs - Safeway (http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/ en/thumb/9/90/ Mb&estella_skaggs.jpg/180px-Mb&estella_skaggs.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clarence Saunders - founder Piggly Wiggly (http://www.pigglywiggly.com/mfy/ templates/ pigglywiggly/images/clarence.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore Pringle (T. P.) Loblaw - founder Loblaws (http://66.39.78.242/images/ Theodore%20Pringle% 20Loblaw%20WEBSITE.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael J. Cullen - King Cullen (http://www.kingkullen.com/ images/cullen.gif)

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

George Huntington Hartford and George Gilman (http://www.aptea.com /images/ company/ms009571.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob Bunn (http://www.bunngourmet.com/ images/jacob_bunn.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alexander Findlater (http://www.findlater.org.uk/ Founder.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gottlieb Duttweiler - founder Migros AG (http://www.worldretailhalloffame.com/ images/pbpprogrammespeaker/ duttweiler_2.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John J. Sainsbury - Sainsbury's (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ Bsains.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
RETAIL - Business History of Food & Beverage Retailers

Interesting Dates

1705 - Grocer Hugh Mason ran small shop in St James’s Market; William Fortnum, former footman in Queen Anne's household, rented a room from Mason; 1707 - Fortnum joined Mason in new grocer’s shop in Piccadilly; prospered in Georgian era; 1846 - Richard Fortnum bequeathed 1,500 pounds (about 500,00 pounds today) to staff; March 2, 1863 - appointed Grocers to HRH the Prince of Wales; April 1, 1867 - appointed oilmen to their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein; October 5, 1867 - appointed furnishers to the Establishment of HRH the Crown Princess of Prussia, Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland; December 12, 1867 - appointed confectioners and Foreign Warehousemen to HRH the Princess of Wales; 1886 - Henry Heinz carried five cases of baked bean samples from the United States, F & M took them all, introduced baked beans to Britain for the first time; June 8, 1887 - appointed foreign Warehousemen to HRH the Prince of Wales; July 16, 1887 - appointed purveyors of Oilery to HM the Queen; 1925 - introduced Ladies’ fashions, children’s clothes, kitchenware, perfumes during Jazz Age; 1951 -  acquired by Garfield Weston, George Weston Ltd.; 1964 - Fortnum’s clock, with bells from same foundry as Big Ben, added to front of store1998 - launched online store with 50 hampers; 2001 - taken private by Weston family (already owned 89.9% of company), valued company at about £57.4 million; 2004 - Fortnum & Mason Japan opened.

1831 - Samuel Stillman (S. S.) Pierce established corner grocery store in Boston’s West End to sell "choice teas and foreign fruits"; evolved into leading purveyor of specialty items (pâté de fois gras, terrapin stew, Hawaiian pineapples, pickled reindeer tongue); 1972 - acquired by Seneca Foods.

1851 - Kalman Haas and Leopold Loupe began Loupe & Haas, general-store variety of business, on corner of Davis and California streets in San Francisco; 1865 - Loupe left business; brothers, cousins joined company; William Haas (cousin) became active manager of firm; name changed to Haas Brothers Wholesale Groceries; 1897 - William Haas became first president, company incorporated; major portion of business derived from selling liquor to miners in California, Nevada, Alaska; 1916 - Haas's son became president; sister married Samuel Lilienthal (son of Ernest Reuben Lilienthal, founder of Crown Distilleries Company in 1872); grocery operations of Haas Brothers combined with liquor operations of Crown Distilleries; 1927 - Samuel Lilienthal became company's president; 1954 - Haas Brothers closed grocery business; became premium wholesale liquor distributor.

1859  - George Huntington Hartford, George Gilman, tea and spice merchants, founded Great American Tea Company as mail order business; first store-warehouse operation opened in New York City at 31 Vesey Street;  1870 - renamed The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, in honor of transcontinental railroad; 1881 - first grocery chain to operate 100 stores; 1900 - incorporated in New Jersey, nearly 200 stores,  $6 million in sales; 1920 - 4,638 stores, $235 million in sales; 1929 - 15,418 stores, $1 billion in sales; 1958 - sales of $5 billion in 4,252 stores, sales volume exceeded  closest competitor by more than $1 billion; 1979 - Hartford Foundation, family members sold  majority of A&P shares to The Tengelmann Group (West Germany); 1982 - reorganized, fewer than 1,000 stores, returned to profitability; 1994 - launched new private label marketing program in U.S., replaced banner-specific labels; October 2002 - restructured; 2003 -  exited Northern New England, sold/closed Kohl’s stores,  sold Eight O’Clock Coffee division.

1869 - John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury opened small dairy shop at 173 Drury Lane, London (high-quality products at low prices); 1882 - four shops; 1900 - 48 shops; 1914 - third of workforce had left for armed forces; women recruited to fill jobs (trained at firm's new training school at Blackfriars); 1920s - typical new branch had six departments, offered much larger product range than competitors; offered home delivery throughout surrounding district (important service in days before most people had motor cars); 1936 - acquired Thoroughgood chain; 1939 - 244 Sainsbury's shops; 1942 - sales had fallen to half its real pre-war value; 1973 - went public. largest ever flotation on Stock Exchange (at the time), with 45-fold over-subscription for shares; 1994 - 355 stores from Truro to Edinburgh; 2007 - serves 16 million customers each week in 455 supermarkets, 301 convenience stores across UK; employs 153,000 colleagues; April 2007 - family blocked 10.1 billion pound takeover attempt by private equity consortium led by CVC Capital Partners Ltd.; June 2007 - Delta (Two), investment vehicle owned by Qatar's royal family, purchased $1.4 billion in Sainsbury stock, raised ownership to 25%.

1881 - James McQuaid established "mercantile", general store in Oakville, CA, directly across from railroad depot; center of commerce, only place to find essentials for daily living (telegraph, mail and telephone, fresh eggs, bread, barbed wire, kerosene); 1978 - acquired by Napa Valley vintner Joseph Phelps (Joseph Phelps Vineyards) and Steve Carlin; March 2003 - acquired by J. M. Ciaran Byrne (Woodside Capital) and group of investors; March 28, 2007 - acquired by Leslie Rudd, CEO of dean & DeLuca.

1883 - Arthur Hannaford opened small store on waterfront in Portland, ME to sell high-quality produce;  1902 - Howard, Edward Hannaford (brothers) joined business, incorporated as Hannaford Bros. Co.; leading produce wholesaler in northern New England; 1944 - opened first retail grocery store; 1971 - went public; 2000 - acquired by Delhaize Goup (founded in Belgium in 1867); 2004 - Hannaford operated 142 stores.

1886 - Frank Henry Gillingham "FH" opened FH Gillinham & Sons general store in Woodstock, VT; oldest in Vermont.

1899 - Frank Vernon Skiff, brother-in-law, Frank Ross, founded Jewel Tea as door-to-door delivery service for coffee; 1984 - acquired by American Stores.

1906 - Tokutaro Takahashi, Issei immigrant, started Takahashi Market to San Francisco Bay Area community; specialized in Japanese and Hawaiian food items, stocks Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Thai foods.

1910 - Shoichi and Saburo Hasegawa opened general store on site of Hasegawa Gas Station in Hana, HI; 1963 - immortalized in song, lyrics, music by Paul Weston (CD Hawaii's Golden Treasures, Vol. 1); 1990 - burned to ground-1991- re-opened in renovated old Hana Theater; under fourth generation of management.

January 23, 1912 - Robert C. Kidd registered "Overwaitea" trademark in Canada (tea, coffee, jams, marmalade, peanut butter, butter, margarine, eggs, milk, cheese, ice cream, popping corn, salmon, tuna fish and candy); March 8, 1915 - opened grocery store in New Westminster, BC with $500; offered 18-ounce pounds of tea (added two ounces into each pound of Indian, Ceylon blended teas); store became known as "Overweight-tea store"; "Overwaitea" became company's name; grew to 68-retail-outlet network, 10,000 employees in two provinces.

1914 - Sam Seelig founded Seelig Grocers, chain of 4 stores in CA; 1915 - Marion B. Skaggs (27) acquired his father's grocery store (18 x 32 feet), Skaggs Cash Stores, in American Falls, ID; 1919 - Skaggs brothers formed partnership named Skaggs United Stores; 1925 - Seelig changed name to Safeway Stores; 1926 - Skaggs United Stores (673 stores) merged with Safeway (322 stores), formed Skaggs Safeway, changed to Safeway Stores Inc., incorporated in Maryland, Maron B. Skaggs first president; 1928 - more than 2,000 stores; 1928 - went public; 1971- world’s largest food retailer; 1982 - taken private in leveraged buyout by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts; 1900 - went public again as Safeway Inc.

July 7,1915 - John and Paul Cifrino established Upham's Corner Market Co., fruit and vegetable store in storefront in Dorchester, MA; February 18, 1919 - acquired land from Samuel B. Pierce at 600 Columbia Road to expand; 1920s - hailed as "The Largest Store in the World" (19,696 square feet on two floors, diversified product line, centralized distribution); largest, most important volume food operators in Boston area"; world's first "supermarket"; 1923 - expanded (net floor area approximately 29,000 square feet, new delicatessen, bakery); 1926 - expanded, constructed additional 21,600 square feet of retail space; total retail floor area over 50,000 square feet, more than ten times size of larger area meat markets, some thirty times size of customary neighborhood corner store; advertised as "The Biggest Food Store in the World", first one-stop shopping center in Boston; 1928 - acquired by United Markets, Inc. (became Elm Farm Market after WW II, closed in 1970s); 1934 - opened Supreme Market in Dorchester, MA; 1968 - merged with Purity Markets, became corner stone of Purity Supreme chain of super markets; 1984 - acquired by Supermarkets General Holdings Corporation; 1995 - acquired by Stop & Shop; 1997 - name discontinued.

September 6, 1916 - Clarence Saunders, Memphis retailer, founded Piggly Wiggly grocery store chain in Memphis; first true self-service grocery store; revolutionized food retail with check-out lines, price-marked foods, national brand items; October 9, 1917 - Saunders received a patent for a "Self Serving Store"; supermarket; March 18, 1919 - received a patent for "Price Tagging Means"; November 2, 1920 - received a second patent for a "Self-Serving Store"; assigned to Piggly Wiggly Corporation;  November 22,  1921 - received a third patent for a "Self-Serving Store"; 2008 - affiliate of C&S Wholesale Grocers, Inc. (8th largest privately held company in nation); more than 600 Piggly Wiggly stores (independently owned and operated) servicing communities in 17 states.

1918 - Israel Cohen, Abraham Siegel founded C&S Wholesale Grocers on Winter Street in Worcester, MA; 5,000-sq. ft., three-story warehouse facility, managed by three warehouse workers who oversaw 1,200 grocery products; 1958 - won Big D supermarket account (eight-store chain); signaled C&S's transition from small independent stores to supermarket chains; 1974 - annual sales of $14 million; 1988 - introduced self-managing teams in warehouse facilities (total volume shipped increased by 35%, total labor costs declined by more than 20% in first six months); 1996 - became owner of what could become world's largest freezer; 2007 - ranked by Forbes magazine 10th largest privately held company in nation (over 70 warehouse facilities throughout United States).

1919 - Theodore Pringle Loblaw, Justin Milton Cork opened first Loblaw Groceterias store in Toronto; self-serve, cash-and-carry policy, wider variety of products at better prices; 1928 - 69 stores in Ontario and U. S.; 1930s - 80 stores; 1947 - W. Garfield Weston, president of George Weston Limited, acquired 100,000 shares of Loblaw stock from son of co-founder J. Milton Cork (1950s- gained controlling interest of Loblaw Groceterias Co. Limited); 1956 -Loblaw Companies Limited incorporated; consolidated food retail, food distribution divisions of George Weston Limited; became one of Canada's largest private sector employers; 1978 - introduce No Name private label; 1984 - introduced President's Choice premium private label..

1925 - Gottlieb Duttweiler, four investors founded Migros AG; Migros - made up from "demi" and "en gros,"  business in between retailer, wholesaler; 1933 - company operated 41 trucks, 98 stores; 1941 - re-constructed into co-operative society, donated to  customers (acquired all shares from his co-investors, gave away all shares—free—to Swiss people); no dividends, other financial gains for shareholders, all profits used to improve services, lower prices; 2004 - nearly 600 store locations in Switzerland, offered approximately 30,000 food, nonfood items; one of 20 largest enterprises in Switzerland, one of largest private employers, with approximately 81,000 employees.

1927 - Ice manufacturer Claude S. Dawley, several friends combined four ice plants, formed Southland Ice Company; 1928 - operated 12 ice plants, 20 retail ice docks in Dallas and San Antonio; stores came to be known as "Tote'm Stores," since customers toted away their purchases; acquired by Thomas Insull (financial and public utilities empire); 1932 - entered bankruptcy (Insull empire collapsed); Joseph C. Thompson, vice president, named president by board of directors; 1934 - company reorganization plan approved; 1939 - 60 retail locations in Dallas-Fort Worth area; 1945 - renamed Southland Corporation; 1946 - Tracey-Locke changed Tote'm Stores name to 7-Eleven because of new hours: 7 am-11 pm, seven days a week; 1952 - 100th store opening; 1960 - 500th store opening; 1961 - Southland incorporated; 1963 - 1,000th store opening; 1966 - Slurpee® frozen beverage introduced; 1969- "Oh Thank Heaven for 7-Eleven" campaign introduced; 1971 - first $1 million sales year; 1979 - first $1 million sales quarter; 1995 - company opened 15,000th store; 1999 - company's corporate name changed from The Southland Corporation to 7-Eleven, Inc.; 2002 - $10 billion; 2005 - more than 30,000 stores operating in U.S., 18 other countries; total sales of more than $43 billion.

1930 - Charles Hyde, David Vredenburg opened small general store in Beaconsfield, IA; became Hy-Vee, company with 2006 sales of more than $4.6 billion, more than 200 retail stores across seven Midwestern states; ranked among top 15 supermarket chains in nation.

August 4, 1930 - Michael J. Cullen, former general sales manager of a Kroger Stores branch in Herrin, IL, opened King Kullen (King Kullen Grocery Company), self-service, cash-and-carry supermarket recognized by the Smithsonian Institution as America's first supermarket, in leased 6,000 square feet vacant garage on Jamaica Avenue in Queens, NY, few blocks from busy shopping district; offered discounts on wide range of merchandise under one roof within easy reach of customers; 1936 - 17 King Kullen supermarkets did approximately $6,000,000 in annual sales; Nan Cullen (wife) assumed control; 1961 - went public; John A. Cullen (son) became president; 1980 - 53 stores; 1990 - John B. Cullen (grandson) became chairman, chief executive officer; 2007 - operated 45 supermarkets on Long Island, more than 4,800 employees.

June 4, 1937 - Sylvan Goldman, owner of Humpty Dumpty supermarket in Oklahoma City, OK, introduced first shopping carts; designed based on the folding chair; wheels placed where bottoms of chair legs were; two metal baskets stacked on top of each other, in place of the chair seat; 1947 - introduced carts that could be stored by nesting one cart into another by pushing the front of each cart into the folding back of the one in front of it.

July 21, 1939 - Joe Albertson opened grocery store (10,000 sq. ft.) in Boise, ID.

1946 - John F Baugh and his wife established Zero Foods, food distribution company; 1969 - joined with eight other companies, formed SYSCO (an acronym for SYstems and Services COmpany); March 3, 1970 - nine companies had aggregate sales of $115 million, served $35 billion market; 1977 - became leading foodservice supplier to "meals-prepared-away-from-home" operations in North America; 2005 - $30.3 billion in sales.

1959 - Marcel Fournier, Louis Defforey established Carrefour in Annecy (eastern France); January 7, 1960 - opened first supermarket in basement of Fournier's department store, Grand Magasin de Nouveau; January 11, 1960 -  goods sold out; closed for restocking; June 3, 1960 - opened main store; generated year's worth of sales in three weeks; June 1963 - opened new store concept in Saint-Genevieve-des-bois, hypermarket, to sell food and non-food items under same roof; 1979 - developed hard discount; 1991 - acquired hypermarket chains Euromarche and Montlaur; 1999 - acquired rival Promodes for $16.5 billion, formed largest European food retailing group - 8,800 stores in 26 countries, combined revenues of $65 billion (second largest in world).

1967 - Joe Coulombe, operator of chain of 18 Pronto Markets convenience stores in Los Angeles area, opened first Trader Joe's in Pasadena, CA; slowly converted Prontos Markets in demographically correct neighborhoods; 1979 - acquired by Karl and Theo Albrecht, German businessmen, owned Aldi supermarket chain in Europe, United States; 2007 - over 280 stores in more than 23 states.

June 26, 1974 - First use of bar code (universal product code created by not-for-profit Uniform Code Council) - Sharon Buchanan, cashier in Marsh Supermarket in Troy, OH, scanned package of Wrigley gum; eliminated need for manual pricing, reduced check out times, used in 23 industries, saves $17 billion annually in U. S. retail industry [PricewaterhouseCoopers 1999 study];  international code used in 114 countries.

2004 - Number of traditional grocery stores in U. S. dropped to 41,455 from 118,920 in 1982; total square feet of traditional grocery store selling space geww due to: 1) traditional grocers have built larger stores, 2) Wal-Mart has opened superstores which sell groceries. (source: Willard Bishop Consulting).

January 23, 2005 - Albertson's Inc., second-largest supermarket chain in U.S., agreed to be acquired for $17.4 billion by investment group led by SuperValu Stores (Minneapolis, MN).

(A&P), Edwin P. Hoyt (1969). That Wonderful A&P! (New York, NY: Hawthorn Books, 279 p.). Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company

(A&P), William I. Walsh (1986). The Rise and Decline of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company. (Seacaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 254 p.). Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Supermarkets--United States--History.

(A&P), Lisa Rebecca Gubernick (1991). Squandered Fortune: The Life and Times of Huntington Hartford. (New York, NY: Putnam, 272 p.). Hartford, Huntington, 1911- ; Millionaires--United States--Biography; Art patrons--United States--Biography; Upper class--United States--History--20th century; United States--Social life and customs--20th century.

(A&P), Avis H. Anderson (2002). A & P: The Story of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128 P.). Avis H. Anderson, Executive Director and Archivist of the Hartford Family Foundation. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Supermarkets--United States--History. How cofounder George Huntington Hartford and his sons, John and George, brought A&P to popularity with consumers that few companies have ever achieved.

(Berry Brothers and Rudd ltd.), H. Warner Allen (1950). Number Three Saint James's Street; A History of Berry's, the Wine Merchants. (London, UK: Chatto and Windus, 269 p.). Berry Brothers and Rudd ltd.--England--London; Wine and wine making--Great Britain.

(Bruno Food Stores), Pat Dunbar (1983). Joe, Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Bruno Food Stores. (Birmingham, AL: P. Dunbar, 185 p.). Bruno, Joseph S., 1912- ; Bruno Food Stores--History; Food World (Stores)--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Grocery trade--United States--History.

(J. Bunn Grocery Company), Andrew Taylor Call (2005). Jacob Bunn: Legacy of an Illinois Industrial Pioneer. (Lawrenceville, VA: Brunswick Publishing Corp., 308 p.). Great-great-great Grandson. Bunn, Jacob, 1814-1897; Businessmen--Illinois--Biography; Business and politics--Illinois--History--19th century; Illinois--Economic conditions--19th century. 

(Carrefour), Gregoire Philonenko, Veronique Guienne; preface de Vincent de Gaulejac (1997). Au Carrefour de l’Exploitation. (Paris, FR: Desclee de Brouwer, 159 p.). Carrefour (Market chain); Hypermarkets--France--Employees--Case studies; Work environment--France--Case studies; Working class--France--Social conditions--Case studies.

(Carrefour), Enquete de Sylvain Courage (1999). La Verite sur Carrefour, l’Epicier Planetaire aux 2 Millions de Clients par Jour. (Paris, FR: Editions Assouline, 131 p.). Carrefour (Market chain)--History; Hypermarkets--History; International business enterprises--Case studies; Chain stores--Case studies.

(Carrefour), Christian Lhermie; preface de Daniel Bernard (2001). Carrefour, ou, L’Invention de l’Hypermarche. (Paris, FR: Vuibert, 215 p.). Carrefour (Market chain)--History; Hypermarkets--History.

(Carrefour), Herve Paturle (2005). Marcel Fournier, l’Hyperman: Il Etait une Fois l’Homme Qui Inventa la Grande Distribution. (Paris, FR: Martiniere, 367 p.). Fournier, Marcel, 1914-1985; Carrefour (Market chain); Businessmen--France--Biography; Hypermarkets--France; Retail trade--France.

(Carrefour), Claude Sordet, Jean-Francois Wantz; preface de Jacques Dermagne ; postfaces de Robert Halley et d’Olivier Halley (2005). Paul-Louis Halley, de Promodes a Carrefour. (Paris, FR: Editions Organisation, 226 p.). Halley, Paul-Louis, 1934-2003; Carrefour (Market chain); Businessmen--France--Biography; Hypermarkets--France; Retail trade--France.

(Cold Storage Singapore Pte. Ltd.), Goh Chor Boon (2003). Serving Singapore: A Hundred Years of Cold Storage, 1903-2003. (Singapore: Cold Storage Singapore, 167 p.). Cold Storage Singapore Pte. Ltd.--History; Supermarkets--Singapore--History; Grocery trade--Singapore--History.

(Colonial Stores), James W. Rowe (1995). Colonial Stores Incorporated: The Company's History. (Conyers, GA: Maypop Press, 519 p.). Colonial Stores Incorporated--History; Supermarkets--United States--History.

(Dairy-Mart), Charlie Nirenberg (1992). Call Me Charlie: The Convenience Store Baron. (Enfield, CT: Convenient Publishing, 259 p.). Nirenberg, Charlie; Dairy Mart Convenience Stores; Convenience stores--United States; Businessmen--United States--Biography.

(Empire Co Ltd.), Harry Bruce (1985). Frank Sobey: The Man and the Empire. (Toronto, ON: MacMillam, 443 p.). Sobey, Frank, 1902- ; Sobeys Stores Ltd.--History; Empire Limited--History; Businesspeople--Canada--Biography.

(Findlaters), Alex Findlater (2001). Findlaters: The Story of a Dublin Merchant Family, 1774-2001. (Dublin, IR: A. & A. Farmar, 577 p.). Fifth Irish Generation. Findlater family; Wheeler family; Alex. Findlater & Co.; Findlaters (Firm); Food industry and trade--Ireland--History; Alcoholic beverage industry--Ireland--History; Protestants--Ireland--Dublin--Biography; Businessmen--Ireland--Biography; Dublin (Ireland)--Social life and customs; Dublin (Ireland)--Biography. 

(Folding Carrier Co.), Terry P. Wilson (1978). The Cart that Changed the World: The Career of Sylvan N. Goldman. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press by for the Oklahoma Heritage Association, 255 p.). Goldman, Sylvan N., 1898- ; Supermarkets--United States; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Inventors--United States--Biography.

(Food Lion - founded in 1957 as Food Town in Salisbury, NC), Mark Wineka and Jason Lesley (1991). Lion's Share: How Three Small-Town Grocers Created America's Fastest-Growing Supermarket Chain and Made Millionaires of Scores of Their North Carolina Friends and Neighbors. (Asheboro, NC: Down Home Press, 265 p.). Food Lion--History; Supermarkets--United States--History.

(Food Lion), Ralph W. Ketner; compiled by Jason Lesley and Mark Wineka (1994). Five Fast Pennies. (Salisbury, NC: R.W. Ketner, 227 p.). Ketner, Ralph W.; Food Lion--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Grocery trade--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History.

(Genuardi Super Markets), Frank O. Genuardi with Russell Rush (1995). Family Pride: A Memoir. (Jeffersonville, PA: F.O. Genuardi, 99 p.). Genuardi Super Markets--History; Grocers--United States--Biography; Supermarkets--Pennsylvania--History; Grocery trade--Pennsylvania--History; Family-owned business enterprises--Pennsylvania--History.

(Giant), Scott and Bari Sedar (1986). Fifty Years of Caring. (Washington, DC: Giant Food Inc., 71 p.). Giant (Firm)--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Supermarkets--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History.

(Hawkins Supermarkets), Otis Earl Hawkins; foreword by Dan Quayle (1999). My Experiences in War and Business: One Man's Story of Success in America. (Ashland, OH: Ashbrook Press, 317 p.). Hawkins, Otis Earl; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.

(Albert Heijn NV), J.L. de Jager (1997). Albert Heijn: de Memoires van een Optimist. (Baarn, Netherlands: De Prom, 253 p.). Heijn, Albert; Merchants--Netherlands--Biography; Grocery trade--Netherlands--History; Supermarkets--Netherlands--History.

(Hy-Vee Inc.), Kathleen Gilbert (2004). The History of Hy-Vee: 75 Years of a Helpful Smile. (Phoenix, AZ: Heritage Publishers,    p.). Hy-Vee, Inc.; Supermarkets -- United States.

(Intermarket Group), Reynald Secher (1996). De l'Exil aux Mousquetaires: Jean-Pierre Le Roch. (Noyal-sur-Vilaine, FR: Editions ERS, 223 p.). Le Roch, Jean-Pierre, 1929- ; Supermarkets--France--History; Businesspeople--France--Biography.

(Isaly's) (2001). Klondikes, Chipped Ham & Skyscraper Cones: The Story of Isaly's. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 100 p.). Isaly's (Firm)--History; Dairy products industry--United States--History; Ice cream industry--United States--History; Convenience stores--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History; Dairy products industry--Ohio--History; Dairy products industry--Pennsylvania--History.

(Jewel), Franklin Jerome Lunding (1951). Sharing a Business; The Case Study of a Tested Management Philosophy. (Scarsdale, NY: Updegraff Press, 150 p.). Jewel Tea Company; Profit-sharing.

(Jewel), Jewel Tea (1977). The History of Jewel Companies, Inc., 1899-1977. (Pontiac, MI: Property of Bill Hamilton).

(Jewel), C.L. Miller (1994). The Jewel Tea Company: Its History and Products. (Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 269 p.). Jewel Tea Company--Collectibles--Catalogs; Hall China Company--Catalogs; Grocery trade--Collectibles--United States--Catalogs; Pottery--20th century--Collectors and collecting--United States--Catalogs.

(Kelly, Douglas and Company), Bill Davies (1990). From Sourdough to Superstore: The Kelly, Douglas Story. (Vancouver, BC: Kelly, Douglas and Co., 399 p.). Kelly, Douglas and Company--History; Kelly, Douglas and Company--Histoire; Food industry and trade--Canada--History; Grocery trade--Canada--History; Wholesale trade--Canada--History; Aliments--Industrie et commerce--Canada--Histoire; Épicerie--Canada--Histoire; Commerce de gros--Canada--Histoire.

(Kroger), George Laycock (1983). The Kroger Story: A Century of Innovation. (Cincinnati, OH: The Company, 143 p.). Kroger Company.

(Leclerc, Laurence Chavane (1986). Le Phenomene Leclerc: de Landerneau a l’An 2000. (Paris, FR: Plon, 253 p.). Leclerc, Edouard, 1926- ; Leclerc, Michel-Edouard; Supermarkets--France--History; Businesspeople--France--Biography.

(Leclerc), Michel-Edouard Leclerc; entretiens avec Yannick Le Bourdonnec (2004). Du Bruit dans le Landerneau. (Paris, FR: Albin Michel, 307 p.). Leclerc, Michel-Edouard; Leclerc, Edouard, 1926- ; Leclerc (Market chain)--History; Businesspeople--France--Interviews; Supermarkets--France; Hypermarkets--France; Social responsibility of business--France.

(MAJERS), A.J. Scribante (2005). Shelf Life: How an Unlikely Entrepreneur Turned $500 into $65 Million in the Grocery Industry. (Washington, DC: Regnery Pub., 216 p.). Scribante, A.J.; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Grocery trade--Management; Entrepreneurship. Founded computerized marketing information company to help manufacturers and grocers move their products through American supermarket shelves.

(Marsh Supermarkets), The Company (1984). Lasting Values: The First Half-Century of Marsh Supermarkets, Inc. (Yorktown, IN: Marsh Supermarkets, 214 p.). Marsh Supermarkets--History; Supermarkets--Indiana--History; Supermarkets--Ohio--History.

(Meijer Inc.), Hendrik G. Meijer (1984). Thrifty Years: The Life of Hendrik Meijer. (Grand Rapids, MI: Erdmans, 246 p.). Meijer, Hendrik, 1883-1964; Meijer Thrifty Acres (Stores); Merchants--Michigan--Biography.

(Meijer Inc.), Fred Meijer (1998). Just Call Me Fred: 101 Thoughts on People, Business and Life in General. (Grand rapids, MI: Meijer, Inc., 150 p.). Meijer, Fred; Meijer Inc.--History.

(Meijer Inc.), Earl Holton with Gordon Olson (1999). Learning To Lead: My Life and Meijer. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.,    p.).Meijer Inc.--History; Supermarkets--Michigan--History; Discount houses (Retail trade)--Michigan--History.

(Migros AG), Curt Riess (1958). Gottlieb Duttweiler; eine Biografie. (Zu¨rich, Verlags AG: Die Arche, 472 p.). Duttweiler, Gottlieb, 1888- ; Migros-Genossenschafits-Bund--Switzerland--Zurich.

(Migros AG), Sigmund Widmer (1985). Gottlieb Duttweiler (1888-1962): Gru¨nder der Migros. (Zu¨rich, SW: Verein fu¨r Wirtschaftshistorische Studien, 95 p.). Duttweiler, Gottlieb, 1888-1962; Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund--History; Businesspeople--Switzerland--Biography; Consumer cooperatives--Switzerland--History; Supermarkets--Switzerland--History; Self-service stores--Switzerland--History.

(Migros AG), Peter Wenzel (1998). Unternehmensseitige Beru¨cksichtigung von Verbraucherinteressen: Customer Care und das Fallbeispiel Migros. (Berlin, Germany: Duncker & Humblot, 286 p.). Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund--Management; Consumer cooperatives--Switzerland--Management; Customer services--Switzerland--Management--Case studies.

(Migros AG), Karl Lu¨o¨nd (2000). Gottlieb Duttweiler (1888-1962): eine Idee mit Zukunft. (Meilen, SW: Verein fu¨r Wirtschaftshistorische Studien, 96 p.). Duttweiler, Gottlieb, 1888-1962; Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund; Businesspeople--Switzerland--Biography; Consumer cooperatives--Switzerland.

(Migros AG), Katja Girschik, Albrecht Ritschl, Thomas Welskopp (2003). Der Migros-Kosmos: zur Geschichte eines Aussergewo¨hnlichen Schweizer Unternehmens. (Baden, SW: Hier + Jetzt, 311 p.). Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund--History; Consumer cooperatives--Switzerland--History; Supermarkets--Switzerland--History.

(Northern Commercial Company), Lois Delano Kitchener (1954). Flag over the North; The Story of the Northern Commercial Company. (Seattle, WA: Superior Pub. Co., 349 p.). Northern Commercial Company; Alaska -- Commerce.

(Pathmark Supermarkets), Lynne S. Dumas (1988). Elephants in My Backyard: Alex Aidekman's Own Story of Founding the Pathmark Supermarket Powerhouse. (New York, NY: Vantage Press, 153 p.). Aidekman, Alex; Pathmark Supermarkets; Supermarkets--United States--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History.

(S. S. Pierce & Co. - begun in 1831), The Company (1931). The Epicure, Anniversary Issue: Containing a Historical Sketch. (Boston, MA: S. S. Pierce Co., 100 p.). Pierce, S. S., Co., Boston; Grocery trade--Boston--History. Samuel Stillman Pierce.

(President's Choice), Anne Kingston (1994). The Edible Man: Dave Nichol, President's Choice, & The Making of Popular Taste. (Toronto, ON: Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 365 p.). Nichol, Dave, 1940- ; Grocery trade--Canada--History; Food industry and trade--Canada--History; Businessmen--Canada--Biography.

(Provigo), René Provost, Maurice Chartrand (1988). Provigo: Le Plus Grand Succès de l'Entrepreneurship Québécois. (Montreal, QU: Editions de l"Homme, 439 p.). Provigo (Firm)--History; Hypermarkets--Québec (Province)--History.

(Publix Super Markets), Pat Watters (1980). Fifty Years of Pleasure: The Illustrated History of Publix Super Markets, Inc. (Lakeland, FL: Publix Super Markets, 263 p.). Publix Super Markets--History.

(J. Sainsbury plc), Editor James Boswell (1969). J.S. 100: The Story of Sainsbury’s. (London, UK: J. Sainsbury Ltd., 97 p.). Sainsbury J. plc; Grocers--United Kingdom--History; Grocery trade--United Kingdom--History.

(J. Sainsbury plc), Giles Emerson (2006). Sainsbury's: The Record Years, 1950-1992. (London, UK: Haggerston Press, 240 p.). Sainsbury J. plc; Grocers--United Kingdom--History; Grocery trade--United Kingdom--History. How ths supermarket changed the way we shop. Between 1969 and 1992 sales grew by 19% a year on average, and profits by an average of 24% a year.

(Southland), Allen Liles (1977). Oh Thank Heaven!: The Story of the Southland Corporation. (Dallas, TX: The Company, 264 p.). Southland Corporation--History.

(Steinberg Inc.), Ann Gibbon & Peter Hadekel (1990). Steinberg: The Breakup of a Family Empire. (Toronto, ON: Macmillan of Canada, 284 p.). Steinberg, Samuel, 1905-1978; Steinberg family; Steinberg Inc.--History; Businesspeople--Canada--Biography; Supermarkets--Québec (Province)--History; Family-owned business enterprises--Québec (Province)--Succession--History; Domestic relations--Québec (Province)--History. Winner - Canada's 1990 National Business Book Award.

(SYSCO), E. Bruce Geelhoed (1983). The Thrill of Success: The Story of SYSCO/Frost-Pack Food Services, Incorporated. (Muncie, IN: Bureau of Business Research, College of Business and Dept. of History, 96 p.). SYSCO/Frost-Pack Food Services, Inc.--History; Frozen foods industry--United States--History.

(Tesco), Maurice Corina (1971). Pile It High, Sell It Cheap The Authorised Biography of Sir John Cohen, Founder of Tesco. (London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 204 p.). Cohen, John, Sir, 1898- ; Tesco (Firm).

(Tesco), Clive Humby and Terry Hunt, with Tim Phillips (2004). Scoring Points: How Tesco Is Winning Customer Loyalty. (Sterling, VA: Kogan Page, 276 p.). Tesco (Firm) -- History -- 20th century; Customer loyalty programs -- Great Britain -- Case studies.

(Tom Thumb), William R. Simon (1998). Tom Thumb, The Little Giant: Fifty Fabulous Years. (Dallas, TX: Tom Thumb Food and Pharmacy, 130 p.). Tom Thumb (Firm)--History; Supermarkets--United States--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History.

(Trader Joe's), Len Lewis (2005). The Trader Joe's Adventure: Turning a Unique Approach to Business into a Retail and Cultural Phenomenon. (Chicago, IL: Dearborn Trade Pub. Trader Joe's (Firm)--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Supermarkets--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History; Specialty stores--United States--History. 

(Uphams Corner Market), William H. Marnell (1971). Once Upon a Store; A Biography of the World’s First Supermarket. (New York, NY: Herder and Herder, 189 p.). Uphams Corner Market. No credlt. ... No deliveries ... Sell only the best quality merchandise at prices that substantially undercut the competition. World's first supermarket.

(Wawa Inc.), Maria M. Thompson and Donald H. Price; foreword by Richard D. Wood Jr. (2004). Wawa. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 128 p.). Wood family; Wawa, Inc.--History; Convenience stores--Pennsylvania--History; Grocery trade--Pennsylvania--History; Merchants--Pennsylvania--Biography.

(West Side Market), Joanne M. Lewis (1981). To Market, to Market: An Old-Fashioned Family Story: The West Side Market. (Cleveland Heights, OH: Elandon Books, 224 p.). West Side Market (Cleveland, Ohio); Markets--Ohio--Cleveland--Employees--Biography; Grocery trade--Ohio--Cleveland--History--20th century; Oral history; Cleveland (Ohio)--Social life and customs; Cleveland (Ohio)--Biography; Cleveland (Ohio)--Biography--Portraits.

(Winn-Dixie Stores), J.E. Davis (1990). Don't Make A&P Mad. (Montana: J.E. Davis, 362 p.). Winn-Dixie Stores--History; Grocery trade--United States--History--20th century; Chain stores--United States--History--20th century.

Judi Bevan (2005). Trolley Wars: The Battle of the Supermarkets. (London, UK: Profile Books, 320 p.). Freelance Financial Journalist. Supermarkets--England--History. 

Jennifer Cross (1970). The Supermarket Trap; The Consumer and the Food Industry. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 258 p.). Supermarkets--United States; Food industry and trade--United States.

James M. Mayo (1993). The American Grocery Store: The Business Evolution of an Architectural Space. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 286 p.). Supermarkets--United States--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Architecture--United States--20th century.

Pyong Gap Min (2008). Ethnic Solidarity for Economic Survival: Korean Greengrocers in New York City. (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 193 p.). Professor of Sociology (Queens College and the Graduate School of the City University of New York). Korean American business enterprises --New York (State) --New York; Korean American businesspeople --New York (State) --New York; Korean Americans --New York (State) --New York; New York (N.Y.) --Ethnic relations; New York (N.Y.) --Emigration and immigration. How business conflicts can give rise to demonstrations of group solidarity; Korean grocers caught between white distributors, black customers, Hispanic employees, assertive labor unions.

Andrew Seth and Geoffrey Randall (1999). The Grocers: The Rise and Rise of the Supermarket Chains. (Dover, NH: Kogan Page, 331 p.). Supermarkets--Great Britain--History; Grocery trade--Great Britain--History; Chain stores--Great Britain--History; Supermarkets--United States--History; Grocery trade--United States--History; Chain stores--United States--History; Supermarkets--Europe--History; Grocery trade--Europe--History; Chain stores--Europe--History.

Andrew Seth and Geoffrey Randall (2005). Supermarket Wars: Global Strategies for Food Retailers. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 187 p.). Chairman of Added Value; Marketing and Retailing Specialist. Food industry and trade; Grocery trade; International business enterprises; Competition, International. 

Alfred Yee (2003). Shopping at Giant Foods: Chinese American Supermarkets in Northern California. (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 193 p.). Supermarkets--California, Northern; Chinese Americans--California, Northern. 

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