|
(http://www.wtrg.com/oil_graphs/
oilprice1947.gif)

Edwin Drake
- discovered first oil in US (http://tinyurl.com/b8f4p)

Hiram Bond Everest
- Vacuum Oil (http://books.google.com/ images/cleardot.gif)

Charles N. Felton, Lloyd Tevis,
George Loomis (first President) - Pacific Coast Oil Co.
(http://www.chevron.com/history/ timeline/images/People/
img_1879_nf.jpg)

Edward L. Doheny (right), Charles Canfield at
first Los Angeles oil well 1892
(http://catalog1.lapl.org/cgi-bin/ cw_cgi?fullImage+
12759+31356+968)

A Spindletop oil
derrick
(http://tinyurl.com/cd9tx)

Arnold Schlaet, Joseph S. Cullinan
- founders Texaco (http://www.chevron.com/history/
timeline/images/People/ img_1901_nf.jpg)

Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman
(aka Nellie Bly - 55 gal. drum (http://www.historyplace.com/
specials/calendar/docs-pix/nellie-bly.jpg)

Howard R. Hughes, Sr.
- Hughes Tool (http://www.crimelibrary.com/
graphics/ photos/ gangsters_outlaws/cops_others/ clifford_irving/2-4Howard-Hughes-Sr.jpg)

Harry F. Sinclair
- founder Sinclair Oil (http://tinyurl.com/ckjjp)

First gas station to sell
ethyl gasoline, in 1923 (Dayton, OH)
(http://tinyurl.com/bkpbs)

Mining engineer Frank Holmes,
at right (http://tinyurl.com/cfj3e)

Robert O. Anderson
- CEO ARCO (http://tinyurl.com/drnze)

William Knox D'Arcy
- original risk-taking investor in BP (http://tinyurl.com/d5rd5)

Isaac
Elder Blake - founder Conoco (http://tinyurl.com/b4bod)

Edward L. Doheny
(http://www.ralphmag.org/1/
doheny290x385.gif)

Solomon Robert Dresser -
Dresser Industries (http://www.eoearth.org/media/
approved/a/af/Dresser.jpg)

J. Paul Getty
(http://tinyurl.com/c45wa)

Dr. William Larimer
Mellon - founder Gulf Oil (http://tinyurl.com/cbfn2)

Ross S. Sterling - Humble Oil
(http://www.houstonhistory.com/ images/gh/hou006723251.jpg)

K. C. Irving
- founder Irving Oil (http://tinyurl.com/bzy2v)

C. C. Julian
- Julian Petroleum (http://catalog1.lapl.org/cgi-bin/
cw_cgi?fullImage+ 10324+28173+968)

Armand Hammer
- Occidental Petroleum (http://images.forbes.com/images/
2003/10/17/ hammer_175x175.jpg)

Frank Phillips
- Phillips Petroleum (http://myweb.cableone.net/
gmeador/images/ carrels/phillips.jpg)

Lee Eldas (L. E.) Phillips
- Phillips Petroleum (http://tinyurl.com/bpaqn)

Marcus Samuel
- founder, Shell Transport (http://tinyurl.com/dw9x9)

Henri Deterding
- Royal Dutch Shell (http://tinyurl.com/blmer)

Demetrius Scofield
(first president
Standard Oil of California in December 1911) (http://tinyurl.com/cwepc)

(stand1_2.jpg)
BIRTHPLACE OF STANDARD OIL:
At Walworth Run, Cleveland,
Samuel Andrews, a mechanic, built a small oil still in which in 1862
he persuaded Rockefeller to invest. This is believed to be the
refinery as photographed in 1870.

Ida Tarbell -
expose of Standard Oil "trust" (http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/
ppet/tarbell/TARBELL1.jpg)

Founder of Sun Oil Co.

Lyman Stewart
- Union Oil
(http://tinyurl.com/bczz4)
|
|
OIL - Business
History of Producers, Refiners

(March 3, 2008
- intraday trading high of $103.95 per barrel on Mercantile Exchange)
Interesting Dates
July 18, 1627 - French explorers noticed oil seeping out
of ground near Cuba, NY; Franciscan Missionary Joseph DeLa Roch D'Allion
described phenomenon; first
recorded mention of oil on North American Continent (Seneca Oil Spring located near spillway end of Cuba Lake on Oil Spring
Indian Reservation).
1769 - Spanish expedition of Gaspar de Portola (first
Spanish governor of Californias) first noticed The La Brea Tar Pits
in Los Angeles, CA (La Brea from Spanish word for "tar");
1975
- scientific publication first recorded work of Professor William Denton
on fossils found there; evidence existed that prehistoric native
Americans used, traded asphalt.
1833 - Shopkeeper Marcus Samuel expanded his London
business from antiques to oriental shells for interior design; began
importing shells from Far East, laid foundations for import/export
business; 1886 - business passed to Marcus
Samuel Junior, Sam (sons); exported British machinery, textiles, tools to
newly industrializing Japan, Far East; imported rice, silk, china,
copperware to Middle East, Europe; traded in commodities (sugar,
flour, wheat worldwide); 1892 - entered oil exporting
business, maiden voyage of first bulk tanker commissioned by Samuels
brothers, "Murex", to carry oil in bulk through Suez Canal; achieved
revolution in oil transportation - bulk transport substantially cut cost
of oil, enormously increased volume that could be carried; initially
called company The Tank Syndicate; 1897 - renamed company
Shell Transport and Trading Company.
March 27, 1855 - Abraham Gesner, of Williamsburg, NY,
received a patent for an "Improvement in Processes for Making Kerosene";
assigned to American Kerosene Gas Light Company; process to obtain oil
from bituminous shale and cannel coal for purpose of illumination,
called kerosene; fuel extracted by dry distillation at controlled
temperature in large cast-iron retorts set in suitable furnaces for
evaporation and metal pipes surrounded by water for condensation of
vapor; light volatile liquid obtained is redistilled, treated with acid
and peroxide of manganese to precipitate impurities; freshly calcined
lime then mixed with the distillate to remove water and neutralize the
acid; further distillation yields kerosene.
August 27, 1859 - Edwin Drake (Seneca Oil Co.),
William A. "Uncle Billy" Smith, blacksmith and driller, struck oil on
leased land at 69 feet, 6 inches in Venango Oil Field near
Titusville, PA = world's first successful oil well when a dark film
floating on the water below the derrick floor was noticed; used an old
steam engine to power the drill.
April 17, 1861 - First oil well fire occurred at Little and Merrick well at Oil Creek, near Rouseville, PA; ignited
shortly after gushing, burned for three days, resulted in 19 deaths.
1863 - John D. Rockefeller, Maurice, James and Richard
Clark, Sam Andrews formed Andrews, Clark & Company, small petroleum
refinery on south bank of Kingsbury Run in Cleveland, OH (three acres on
track of Atlantic & Great Western Railroad); Rockefeller bought out
Clark brothers for $72,500, renamed company Rockefeller & Andrews;
1867 - combined refineries of William Rockefeller & Co.,
Rockefeller & Andrews, Rockefeller & Co., S. V. Harkness, H. M. Flagler,
renamed Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler; January 10, 1870 -
reorganized, renamed Standard Oil Company of Ohio; January 2, 1882
- formed Standard Oil Trust (nine trustees) to unify about 40 companies;
formed Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, Standard Oil Company of New
York (soon became two of Trust’s larger concerns); 1889 -
amassed companies responsible for all aspects of petroleum industry –
exploration, production, refining, transportation, marketing (vertically
integrated organization); took advantage of New Jersey law allowing
single corporation to own stock in other companies, Standard Oil Company
of New Jersey became holding company for Standard Oil Interests.
January 21, 1865 - Col. E.A.L. Roberts shot Ladies
Well oil well (near Titusville, PA) by torpedo for first
time in U.S.; used 8 pounds of black powder in iron case lowered
into well; object: 1) clean out all deposits at bottom
of well (gravel, pieces of seed-bag, etc.), 2) open fissures
where oil came through.
April 25, 1865 - Col. Edward A.L. Roberts, of New York,
NY, received a patent for a "Torpedo" ("Improvement in Exploding
Torpedoes in Artesian Wells"); used in oil well drilling; January 1865 -
successfully used to open obstructed well bore at Ladies' Well on Watson
Flats, near Titusville, PA.
September 11, 1866 - Matthew P. Ewing, carpenter and
part-time inventor, of Rochester, NY, received a patent for an "Improved
Material for Lubricating and Other Purposes" ('New and Improved Product
from Petroleum for Lubricating, Currying, etc."); new method of
distilling kerosene in vacuum that produced high-quality lubricant;
October 4, 1866 - with partner Hiram Bond Everest founded
Vacuum Oil Company in Rochester, NY; 1879 - Standard Oil
Co. acquired three-quarters interest for $200,000; introduced Gargoyle
600-W-Steam Cylinder Oil; May 5, 911 - Standard Oil broken
into 34 unrelated companies; January 27, 1920 - registered
"Mobil Oil" trademark first used May 1, 1904 (lubricating oils);
August 1931 - merged with Standard Oil Co. of New York (SOCONY),
named Socony-Vacuum Corp.; 1955 - renamed Socony Mobil Oil
Co.; 1966 - name changed to Mobil Oil Corporation;
November 30, 1999 - merged with Exxon Corporation.
November 25, 1875
- Isaac Elder Blake founded Continental Oil and Transportation Co. in
Ogden, UT to distribute coal, oil, kerosene, grease, candles; one of
first petroleum marketers in West; based on belief that if
kerosene were imported from eastern refineries by railroad tank cars,
sold in bulk, prices would drop, demand would rise; 1885 -
acquired by Standard Oil; 1909 -
built the West's first filling station
1913 -
independent, top marketer of petroleum products in
Rocky Mountain region; 1929
- merged with Marland Oil Co.; renamed
the Continental Oil Company; nearly 3,000 wells, thousands of retail
outlets in 30 states;
September 15, 1929 - stock
traded on the New York Stock Exchange; 1972 - more than
$2.3 billion in assets; September 30, 1981 - DuPont
acquired Conoco for $7.4 billion; became wholly owned DuPont subsidiary;
October 22, 1998 - went public again, largest IPO in
history, nearly $4.4 billion; August 2002 - merged with
Phillips Co. created sixth-largest publicly traded oil company in world,
third-largest in United States
1876 - California Star Oil Works
discovered small amounts of oil in Pico Canyon in Southern California
(35 miles northeast of Los Angeles); Alexander Mentry made first
significant oil discoveries at Pico No. 4; Frederick Taylor, native of
New York, kerosene distiller, became involved with company; Demetrius
Scofield, junior partner; 1877 - Mentry put in charge of
drilling, later made superintendent.
September 10, 1879 -
Charles N. Felton, Lloyd Tevis, George Loomis and
others formed Pacific Coast Oil Co.; acquired assets of California Star
Oil Works (Newhall Refinery and oil properties in Pico Canyon in Los
Angeles); George Loomis first President; Taylor and Scofield join
company's board; 1900 - acquired by Standard Oil Company
(New Jersey);
1906 -
Standard Oil
Company of California formed to take over
Pacific coast marketing area of Pacific Coast Oil, Iowa Standard;
1984 - acquired
Gulf Oil Corp., name changed to
Chevron Corp.; 2001 - merged with Texaco, created
ChevronTexaco, second- largest U.S. oil company; 2005 -
name changed to Chevron.
May 11, 1880
- Solomon Robert Dresser, of Bradford, PA, received a patent for
"Packing for Artesian Wells"; Dresser Cap Packer,
cylindrical packer, using
rubber for a tight fit, that
sealed crude
oil
from water and other elements; founded S.R. Dresser Manufacturing
Co.; 1885 - built coupling, using rubber for a tight fit,
to join pipes together so they would not leak natural gas; permitted
long-range transmission of natural gas from fields to faraway cities;
converted to public company;
January 2, 1882
- John D. Rockefeller officially united
Standard Oil Company with its various producing, refining, marketing
affiliates; formed Standard Oil Trust, nation's first sanctioned
monopoly; $70 million trust controlled
14,000 miles of underground pipeline, all oil cars of Pennsylvania
Railroad; (eventually
acquired 90 percent of the world's oil refining capacity.
Under the terms of the Standard Oil Trust Agreement, brokered by
Rockefeller and eight other trustees, the oil giant could be acquired,
sold, combined, divided as necessary; August 1, 1882 -
Standard Oil of New York incorporated;
August 5, 1882 -
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey established;
1892 - Ohio Supreme Court ruled in
favor of splitting Standard Oil's monopoly (Rockefeller maintained
company's choke-hold on industry; shifted its holdings to companies
located in other states; 1899 - Rockefeller formally
reunited these companies under New Jersey-based Standard Oil Company;
1890 - Sherman Antitrust Act passed; 1911 -
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was illegal under terms of
the Sherman Act; forced company to shed primary holdings.
September 5, 1885 - Sylvanus Bowser, inventor of first
U.S. gas pump (built in his barn), sold first pump to Jake Gumper,
owner of service station in Fort Wayne, IN; pump held one barrel of
gasoline, used marble vales and a wooden plunger; patented in 1887.
March 27, 1886 - Joseph Newton Pew, Edward O. Emerson,
partners in The Peoples Natural Gas Company in Pittsburgh, PA, paid
$4,500 for two oil leases near Lima, OH; March 17, 1890
- became The Sun Oil Company of Ohio to produce, transport, store oil
as well as refine, ship, market petroleum products; 1899
- Pew bought out Emerson's interest; May 1901 -
incorporated in New Jersey as Sun Company; 1912 - J.
Howard Pew (son) took over; 1920 - opened first service
station in Ardmore, PA; 1922 - name changed to Sun Oil
Company; November 12, 1925 - went public; 1956
- introduced Custom Blending Pump (choice of several octane grades
of gasoline from single pump); 1975 - organized into
14 operating units, 2 property companies, non-operating parent company;
1976 - renamed Sun Company; 1980 - Sun
acquired U.S. oil and gas properties of Texas Pacific Oil Company, Inc.,
subsidiary of The Seagram Company, Ltd., for $2.3 billion (second
largest acquisition in history of U.S. business at time); 1988
- spun off all domestic oil and gas exploration, production
through distribution of Sun Exploration and Production Company to
shareholders; focused 'downstream' (refining, marketing); 1990s
- focused on branded gasoline marketing in northeastern U.S.,
lubricants, chemicals, logistics.
April 24, 1886 - Petroleum discovered in Middle
East, on Egyptian shore of the Red Sea.
1890 - Baptiste August Kessler, Henri Deterding, Hugo
Loudon founded Royal Dutch Petroleum when Dutch king Willem III granted
Royal charter to small oil exploration company known as "Royal Dutch
Company for the Exploration of Petroleum Wells in the Dutch Indies".
October 17, 1890 - Lyman Stewart and
Wallace Hardison (Hardison & Stewart Oil), Thomas Bard (Sespe Oil,
Torrey Canyon Oil) merged properties, formed
Union Oil of California
in Santa Paula, CA; 1901 - only Stewart remained;
moved offices to Los Angeles; 1914 - Will Stewart (son)
took over; March 1922 - fended off hostile takeover
from Shell Oil; 1925 - more than 400 service stations on
West Coast; February 28, 1950 - registered "76" trademark
first used January 2, 1932 (gasoline, lubricating oils and greases, and
diesel fuel oils); 1965 - merged with The Pure Oil Company
(lL), from regional to national status with operations in 37 states;
1983 - reorganized, became operating subsidiary of holding
company, Unocal
Corporation; 1985 - fended off takeover bid by Mesa
Petroleum (T. Boone Pickens, Jr.); August 10, 2005 -
acquired by Chevron for $17 billion.
1892 - Edward L. Doheny, unsuccessful gold and
silver prospector, and Charles A. Canfield, his mining partner, struck oil in Los Angeles
along Glendale Boulevard between Beverly Boulevard and Colton Avenue; set off
major land boom;
April 20, 1893 - Doheny discovered oil at State and
Patton Streets at a depth of about 200 feet - first free-flowing oil
well ever drilled in the city of Los Angeles.
January 10, 1901 - Lucas Gusher at Spindletop Hill (near
Beaumont, TX) blew, rose over 200 feet above derrick, seen for 10 miles;
January 19, 1901 - gusher cut off, after 800,000 barrels
of oil;
March 1901 - Joseph S. "Buckskin Joe" Cullinan, Arnold Schlaet
formed Texas Fuel Co., in three
rooms in a corrugated iron building in
Beaumont, TX (12 employees),
for purchase, transfer of oil from Spindletop field; 1902
- more than 285 actives wells at Spindletop, estimated 500 oil, land
companies operating in area;
April 7, 1902 -
Texas Fuel Co.
renamed The
Texas Company (Texaco) for storage, transportation of oil,
marketed products under Texaco brand name; 1903 - struck
oil at Sour Lake, TX, turned company into major oil producer overnight;
November 1903 - first Texaco Company refinery started
operations in Port Arthur Works, TX, processed 318,364 barrels of oil in
first year;
October 9, 1906 - Texas Company registered "Texaco"
trademark first used January 1, 1903 (petroleum products); 1911
- opened first filling station on street corner in Brooklyn, NY.
May 1901 - Englishman, William Knox D'Arcy, obtained 60-year oil concession from
Shah of Persia to explore,
exploit oil resources of country (excluding five northern provinces
which bordered Russia), employed engineer George Reynolds to explore for oil.; 1905
- almost bankrupt, sold interest to Burmah Oil Company (founded in Glasgow,
Scotland in 1886) which provided new funds for exploration; May
26,
1908 - Reynolds struck oil in commercial
quantities at Masjid-i-Suleiman in southwest Persia; first commercial
oil discovery in Middle East, signaled emergence of region as
oil producing area; 1909 - Anglo-Persian Oil Company
(as BP was first known) formed to develop oilfield, work concession (97% of shares
owned by Burmah Oil Company, balance by Lord Strathcona, company's first chairman).
May 17, 1901 - J. M. Guffey organized J. M. Guffey
Petroleum Company to buy out developers of first high-volume oil well in
Texas,
Lucas Gusher, 100-foot drilling derrick named Spindletop;
first major oil discovery in the United States, marked the beginning of
the American oil industry;
owned 7/15 of company, William Larimer Mellon, members of Mellon
family and their associates owned remainder; Gulf Refining Company
organized to refine and market the crude oil produced by Guffey
Petroleum; 1907 - Andrew Mellon bought out Guffey's stake
in entire enterprise, reorganized it as Gulf Oil Company.
1903 -
Shell Transport and Trading Company
and
Royal Dutch Petroleum formed Asiatic Petroleum Company, joint venture sales organization in Far
East, to protect themselves against Standard
Oil; 1904 - scallop shell (pecten)
replaced Shell Transport’s first marketing logo, mussel shell.
May 23, 1905 - Henry Wehrhahn, of New York, NY, received a
patent for a "Metal Barrel" ("having a detachable head simple and
durable in construction and effective in operation, adapted to be
readily secured to and detached from the body of the barrel, and so
constructed and arranged as to protect the locking mechanism of the head
and permit the barrel when desired to stand on the end having th
detachable head"); assigned to Iron Clad Manufacturing Company (founded
by Robert L. Seaman, husband of Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman);
December 26, 1905 - Henry Wehrhahn, of New York, NY, received a
patent for a "Metal Barrel"; assigned to Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (aka
Nellie Bly); 55-gallon oil drum; received a second patent for a "Metal
Barrel" ("means for readily detaching and securing the head of a metal
barrel"); assigned to Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman; marketed first steel
barrel produced in United States.
1906 -
Pacific
Coast Oil
acquired
assets of Standard Oil Company (Iowa), changed name to Standard Oil
Company (California); 1911 - Supreme Court forced spin-off
of company [one of 34] from Standard Oil Trust under Sherman Antitrust
Act; December 1911 - Denetrius Scofield first president of
company; 1926 - reincorporated as Standard
Oil Co. of California, or Socal.
1907 - John McLean, manager of Standard Oil
(California)
Co.'s sales plant in Seattle, WA, opened world's first gasoline service
station at Holgate Street and Western Avenue in Seattle; fastened
30-gallon water heater on platform, attached garden hose with valve
control to dispense gasoline, added glass gauge to measure amount
of fuel that flowed into customer's tank; other amenities included
canvas canopy, shelves to display Zerolene® oils and greases.
February 26, 1907 -
Shell Transport and Trading Company merged
with Royal Dutch Petroleum; formed Royal Dutch Shell Group (Royal
Dutch took 60% of earnings, Shell Transport took 40%) under management
of Henry Deterding.
May 26, 1908 - First major Middle East oil strike made
at Masjid-i-Suleiman, Persia, two days short of 7 years since Shah
Muzaffar al-Din had signed the concession agreement with William Knox
D'Arcy; January 1908 - drilling began under chief engineer
George B. Reynolds; 1909 - Anglo-Persian Oil formed to
develop the oil field, forerunner of British Petroleum (BP).
April 14, 1909 - Anglo-Persian Oil Company formed in
London.
August 10, 1909 - Howard R. Hughes, Sr., of Houston, TX,
received a patent for a "Drill" ("relates to boring drills, and
particularly to roller drills such as are used for drilling holes in
earth and rock"); twin-cone roller bit; with business associate
Walter Benona Sharp,
established Sharp-Hughes
Tool Company
to manufacture and market the bit; 1912 - Estelle Sharp
(widow), sold 50% share in company to Hughes Sr.; renamed Hughes Tool
Company; 1924 - inherited by Howard Hughes, Jr.; 1932 -
formed Hughes Aircraft.
1910 - Henry L. Dougherty created Cities Service Company
to supply gas, electricity to small public utilities; 1931
- billion dollar corporation with 25,000 employees; 1940 -
Cities Service erected landmark sign in Kenmore Square in Boston
(replaced with CITGO sign in 1965); May 16, 1965 - Cities
Service Company introduced name CITGO; 1982 - acquired by
Occidental Petroleum; August 1983 - acquired by The
Southland Corporation to assure supply of gasoline to Southland's
7-Eleven convenience store chain; September 1986 - 50
percent interest acquired by Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA),
national oil company of Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; January
1990 - remaining half acquired (total purchase price of $951
million).
February 1911 - Ross S. Sterling, Walter William Fondren,
Robert L. Blaffer, William Stamps Farish and others formed Humble Oil
and Refining Company in Humble, TX; June 21, 1917 -
incorporated as Humble Oil and Refining Company; 1919 -
sold 50 percent of its stock to Standard Oil Company of New Jersey;
1958 - Standard Oil owned nearly 98% of Humble; 1959 -
Standard Oil, Humble consolidated U.S. operations; 1972 -
Standard Oil (New Jersey) marketed products under brand name "Exxon",
renamed Exxon Corporation; Humble Oil & Refining Company renamed Exxon
Company, U.S.A.
May 15, 1911 -
Supreme Court ordered dissolution of
Standard Oil Company, ruled it was in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act
on ground that it was a combination in unreasonable restraint of
inter-State commerce; decree of Circuit Court for Eighth Circuit
directing dissolution of the Oil Trust was affirmed, with minor
modifications in two particulars (1) period for execution of decree
extended from thirty days to six months, 2) injunction against engaging
in inter-State commerce on petroleum and its products pending the
execution of the decree vacated in consideration of serious injury to
public which might result from absolute cessation of that business for
such a time); judgment of the court unanimous, but Justice Harlan
dissented from argument on which judgment was based;
Standard Oil broken into 34 unrelated companies.
January 7, 1913 - William M. Burton, of
Chicago, IL, received a patent for the "Manufacture of Gasoline";
thermal "cracking" process to convert oil to produce gasoline (doubled
production of gasoline); assigned to Standard Oil Company of Indiana; first 15 years of use
saved more than 1 billion barrels of crude oil;
1937 - process superseded by catalytic cracking.
December 1, 1913 - Gulf Refining Company opened first U.S. drive-in automobile service station at high traffic
intersection of Baum Boulevard (known as "automobile row") and St. Clair Street, Pittsburgh, PA;
brick, pagoda-style station featured free air, water, crankcase service,
restrooms, lighted sign for "Good Gulf Gasoline"; open all night;
first day sales were 30 gallons at 27 cents each; December 6, 1913 -
sold over 350 gallons.
1914 - First commercial production of Venezuelan oil began
when first heavy oil commercial well, Zumaque I, was drilled in Mene
Grande field on the eastern edge of Lake Maracaibo (700 million barrels
recoverable reserves); 1922 - Los Barrosos-2 well (near
Cabimas, 50 kilometers southeast of Maracaibo) signaled existence of
huge resources in region.
May 1, 1916 - Harry F. Sinclair
established Sinclair Oil & Refining Corporation
(assemblage of depressed properties, five small profitable refineries,
many untested production leases); first operating year: produced six million barrels of crude oil worth $7.5 million; sold 252
million gallons of products through wholesalers and 87 bulk plants, for
revenues of almost $17 million, net income of almost $9 million,
paid dividends of $5 a share, assets employed in business increased
40 percent; 1918 - stated value of the corporation
exceeded $110 million; 1959 - pentagon border and
apatosaurus figure logo registered; 1969 - acquired by ARCO.
June 13, 1917 -
Frank,
L. E.
Phillips incorporated
Phillips
Petroleum Company, $3 million in assets, 27 employees; August 30,
2002 - acquired by Conoco Inc., formed ConocoPhillips.
March 20, 1919
- American Petroleum Institute established in New York City; 1920 - began to issue weekly statistics (first with crude oil production);
1924 - developed, published industry-wide standards for oil
field equipment; 1969 - moved offices to Washington, DC;
400 corporate members, one of country's largest national trade
associations, only one that represents all aspects of America’s oil and
natural gas industry.
May 27, 1919 - Oil struck at England's first inland oilwell at Hardstoft, near Tibshelf, in a Derbyshire coalfield; bore was
3070-ft deep in a sandy limestone horizon near the top of a faulted dome
in the main carboniferous limestone measures; June 7, 1919
- oil flowed from well; December 1927 - 2500 tons of oil
had been produced; average production of 6 barrels a day compared
favorably with US oil wells of the period; 1945
-production ceased; 1952 - well capped.
December 9, 1921 -
Thomas Midgley, Jr., of General Motors Research Laboratories in
Dayton, OH, invented
tetraethyl lead
(made from alcohol and lead), after seven years of testing at least 33,000 compounds
as additives to influence the combustion rate of the fuel; first
tested as an anti-knock additive to gasoline fuel (sapped power, could
damage the engine); February 2, 1923 -
Ethyl, world's first anti-knock gasoline containing a tetra-ethyl
lead compound, went on sale at Willard Talbott's service station on S.
Main Street in Dayton, Ohio; February 2, 1926 -
Midgley, of Dayton, OH, received a patent
for "Prevention of Fuel Knock" "prevention of so-called fuel knock in
internal-combustion engines...relates more specifically to a composition
of matter for injection or addition to the fuel mixture of an
internal-combustion engine before the combustion of the same"); assigned
to General Motors Corporation; February 23, 1926 -received
a patent for a "Method and Means for Using Motor Fuels" ("relates to
fuels, such for example as kerosene and gasoline, employed in the
operation of internal-combustion engines and to the art of burning the
fuels in an engine"); tetraethyl lead gasoline additive; assigned to
general Motors Corporation;
1970s - toxic lead has been gradually replaced with unleaded
gasoline due to toxicity of the lead present in automobile emissions.
1923 - New Zealander, Major Frank Holmes, acting on behalf
of a British syndicate, the "Eastern and General", obtained first
Saudi Arabian oil concession from King Abdul Aziz (Ibn Saud), exclusive concession to explore for oil,
other minerals in area of
more than 30,000 square miles in Eastern Region, at bargain price
of 2,000 pounds sterling per annum; came to nothing; 1928
- King revoked concession; July, 1933 - Kingdom broke
what had been virtually a British monopoly of oil concessions in that
part of world, negotiated with Lloyd Hamilton, Socal representative, for
exclusive rights (60-year life) to oil in
eastern region; Socal operated through its subsidiary, Californian
Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc, re-named the Arabian American Oil
Company - Aramco in 1944); 1933 - sold one-half of its
concession interest to Texas Oil Company; 1938 - oil
production began, vast extent of oil reserves became apparent;
1948 - sold 30% interest to Standard Oil of New Jersey
, 10% interest to Socony Vacuum; 1973 - Saudi Arabian
government took 25% stake in Aramco; 1974 - share
increased to 60%; 1980 - amicably agreed that Aramco
should become 100% Saudi-owned, with date of ownership back-dated to
1976.
November 27, 1923 - Standard Oil Company (New Jersey)
registered "Esso" trademark first used May 21, 1923 (Refined,
Semirefined, and Unrefined Oils Made from Petroleum, Both With and
Without Admixture of Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral Oils, for
Illuminating, Burning, Power, Fuel, and Lubricating Purposes, and
Greases); phonetic spelling of the abbreviation “S.O” (Standard Oil).
November 22, 1932 - Robert J. Jauch, Ivan R. Farnham and
Ross H. Arnold, of Fort Wayne, IN, received a patent for a "Liquid
Dispensing Apparatus" ("which itself registers both the amount of liquid
dispensed and also registers the total price of such liquid dispensed");
motorized computer pump metered, displayed exact gallons of gasoline or
other liquid dispensed, accurately computed, showed price in dollars and
cents as delivery made; internal totalizer easily reset for any new
price per gallon; solved problems of 1) inaccurate delivery of volume
from visible type dispenser, 2) necessary ready-reckoning card with
quantity and cost tables (new card needed when prices changed); assigned
to Wayne Company.
March 18, 1938 - President Cardena of Mexico nationalized
U.S. and British oil companies; created Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX),
largest public enterprise in world, largest oil and gas exploration
company in Western Hemisphere.
December 1, 1942 - Nationwide gasoline rationing went
into effect in United States.
August 12, 1944 - First fuel-carrying Pluto (pipe line
under the ocean) between England and France became operational.
August 29,
1945 - President Harry Truman issued
Executive Order No. 9639, gave Secretary of the Navy the power to
seize control of, operate list of petroleum refineries,
transportation companies in order to counteract strikes by oil workers.
The list of plants seized by the Navy included those owned by industry
giants: Gulf, Shell, Standard, Union oil companies;
September 2, 1945 - Japanese signed unconditional
surrender agreement; Knowing that vast amounts of oil would
be required to enable demobilization and return of military
equipment, personnel to U.S., Truman forced to intervene between
oil workers and management to avoid crippling shutdown of
industry. Oil, gas and chemical workers had worked longer and
harder than usual during the war to meet production demands and
now wanted to return to a 40-hour work week. They resented the
amount of money oil-industry CEOs were making off of their labor
while they simultaneously threatened to lower workers’ wages after
the war.
October 19, 1948 - Donald L. Campbell, of Short Hills, NJ,
Homer Z. Martin, of Elizabeth, NJ, Eger V. Murphree and Charles W.
Tyson, of Summit, NJ, inventors working for Exxon, received a patent for
a "Method of and Apparatus for Contacting Solids and Gases"; first
efficient, continuous way to refine crude oil; known as fluid cat
cracking; revolutionized petroleum industry; used to manufacture heating
oil, propane, butane, chemicals that are instrumental in products such
as plastics, synthetic rubbers; assigned to Standard Oil Development
Company.
March 15, 1951 - Persia nationalized Anglo-Iranian Oil
Company.
April 23, 1952 - Oil pipeline from Kirkuk to Banias
completed.
1954 - Socony-Vacuum Corporation [Standard Oil Company
of New York] officially adopted Mobil name.
March 24, 1955 -C.G. Glasscock Drilling Co. placed first seagoing oil drill rig (for drilling in over 100 feet of
water) in service; built by Bethlehem Steel, able to drive piles with a
force of 827 tons, pull a pile with force of 942 tons.
1956 - Pacific Western Oil Corp. (PWO) changed name to
Getty Oil Co.; 1984 - acquired by Texaco.
February 27, 1960 - Oil pipeline from Rotterdam to
Ruhrgebied opened.
July 1, 1960 - Fidel Castro nationalized Esso, Shell and
Texaco in Cuba.
June 27, 1960 - Oil pipe line from Rotterdam-Ruhrgebied
opened.
September 14, 1960 -
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela formed OPEC
(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), as a permanent,
intergovernmental Organization, at Baghdad Conference on September
10–14, 1960; later joined by: Qatar (1961); Indonesia (1962); Socialist
Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967);
Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973–1992), Gabon (1975–1994);
objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member
Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum
producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to
consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in
the industry.
February 8, 1964 - Iraqi National Oil Company
incorporated in Baghdad; fear of losing access to Arab oil drove U.S.
government to heavily support Iraq's war effort against Iran during the
1980s; 1990 - support ended with the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait.
1966 -
Richfield Oil Corporation (founded
1905), Atlantic Refining Company (incorporated 1870) merged, formed
Atlantic Richfield (ARCO); after 1892 - eastern company of
Standard Oil Trust until Standard Oil Group dissolved in 1911);
2000 - Arco acquired by British Petroleum (BP).
March 4, 1966 - British Petroleum first pumped North Sea
Gas ashore.
August 24, 1969 - Peru nationalized U.S. oil interests.
October 7, 1970 - BP's Sea Quest drilling platform made first big oil find (light crude with low wax and sulphur
content) in British sector of North Sea; found oil 2,135 meters
below
seabed in 170 meter layer in water depth of 128 meters. November
3, 1975 - Queen inaugurated production.
October 17, 1973 - Arab-dominated Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC - founded in 1960 by Saudi Arabia,
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Venezuela with principle objective of
raising price of oil) announced decision to cut oil exports to United States,
other nations that provided military aid to Israel in Yom Kippur War of
October 1973; exports to be reduced by 5 percent every month until
Israel evacuated territories occupied in
the Arab-Israeli war of 1967; December, 1973 - full oil
embargo imposed against United States and several other
countries, prompted serious energy crisis in nations dependent on
foreign oil; price of oil quadrupled; result = price gouging, gas
shortages, rationing; March 1974 - embargo
against the United States lifted after Secretary of State Henry
Kissinger negotiated military disengagement agreement between Syria
and Israel; by 1980 - price of crude oil 10 times
higher than in 1973; influence of OPEC on world oil prices declined;
alternate sources of energy (coal, nuclear power, new oil fields) tapped
in United States, other non-OPEC oil-producing nations.
November 8, 1973 - Right ear of John Paul Getty III delivered to newspaper in Rome with ransom note; convinced his
father to pay $2.9 million.
November 16,
1973 - President Richard M. Nixon signed Alaska Pipeline
measure into law.
December 15, 1973 - Jean Paul Getty III, grandson of
American billionaire J. Paul Getty, found alive near Naples, five
months after his kidnapping by an Italian gang. J. Paul Getty, richest man in world in 1957, had initially refused to
pay his 16-year-old grandson's $17 million ransom, finally agreed to
cooperate after boy's severed right ear sent to newspaper in
Rome; eventually paid $2.7 million, the maximum amount that he claimed
he was able to raise.
March 13, 1974 - Five-month oil embargo by Arab countries lifted;
embargo in retaliation for US support of Israel during 1973 Middle East war.
March 9, 1975 - Work
began on Alaskan oil pipeline.
November 3, 1975
- Queen Elizabeth II opened North Sea pipeline, Firth of Forth;
October 1970 - drilling rig Sea Quest discovered Forties
reservoir; oil produced through some 55 producing wells through pipe
which ran 110 miles along the seabed, then 130 miles to oil
refinery at Grangemouth.
June 20, 1977
- Trans-Alaska Pipeline began carrying oil from Arctic Ocean to Prince
William Sound (oil arrived 38 days later); world's largest privately
funded construction project to that date, cost $8 billion, took three years to build; 1968 - massive oil field
(10,000-to-20,000 feet deep) discovered on north coast of Alaska
near Prudhoe Bay (ice-packed waters of Beaufort Sea inaccessible
to oil tankers); 1972 - Department of the Interior
authorized drilling there, moved quickly to begin construction of a
pipeline (after Arab oil embargo of 1973); Alyeska Pipeline
Service Co. formed by consortium of major oil companies,
April 29,
1974 - construction began; under pressure, Alyeska agreed to
extensive environmental precautions, including building 50 percent of
the pipeline above the ground to protect the permafrost from the
naturally heated crude oil and to permit passage of caribou underneath;
May 31, 1977
- Trans-Alaska oil pipeline completed;
August 1977 - first oil tanker left Valdez en route to lower 48 states; March 24, 1989 - worst fears of
environmentalists realized when Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound after filling up at port of Valdez
- 10 million
gallons of oil dumped into water, devastated hundreds of miles
of coastline; 2001 - President George W. Bush proposed
opening portion of 19-million-acre Arctic National Wildlife
Refuge, east of Prudhoe Bay, to oil drilling; 2006 -
Senate voted 51-49 in favor of budget resolution that included
billions for Arctic drilling; about 800,000 barrels move through pipeline each day. Altogether, pipeline has carried more than 14
billion barrels of oil in its lifetime
July 28, 1977-
The 799-mile trans-Alaska pipeline, from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, began
full operation.
April 1980
- Crude-oil closed at an inflation-adjusted record price of $101.70 per
barrel.
April 2, 1980
- President Jimmy Carter signed Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act
(one year after Carter eliminated controls on oil prices) to take
advantage of oil industry's rising profits; generated roughly $227
billion dollars in new taxes.
1984 - Standard Oil Company of
California merged with Gulf Oil; largest merger in U. S. history
at time; name changed to Chevron Corp.
November 19, 1985 - Pennzoil won
$10.53 billion verdict in case against Texaco; stemmed from Pennzoil's
attempted acquisition of Getty Oil (had agreed to pay $5.3 billion for family-run oil company without written contract signed by both
parties; Texaco doubled Pennzoil's bid, Getty accepted, Pennzoil sued);
state-court jury ruled that Pennzoil and Getty had engaged in binding
contract, handed down single biggest civil verdict in court history.
April 1, 1986
- World oil prices dipped below $10 a barrel.
February 12, 1987
- Texas court upheld initial 1985 decision against Texaco
($10.5 billion fine) for having initiated illegal takeover bid for
Getty Oil after Pennzoil had already made a $5.3 billion bid for company, a legally binding contract to which Getty had consented
(despite never signing a formal contract); April 12, 1987
- Texaco filed for bankruptcy.
November 15, 1996
- Texaco announced what was believed to be $ 175 million settlement of
racial-discrimination lawsuit (six Texaco employees initially filed $520 million suit in 1994) after Jesse Jackson threat of Texaco boycott, revelation of "secret" audio tape that captured Texaco
executives making racial slurs, plotting to derail lawsuit;
settlement included one-time salary boost for minority employees, establishment of "diversity training and sensitivity
programs".
August 11, 1998
- British Petroleum acquired Amoco for $49 billion, biggest
foreign takeover of U.S. company.
October 9, 2001 - Chevron,
Texaco merged, formed ChevronTexaco; May 9, 2005 - name changed
to Chevron.
November 18, 2001 - Phillips Petroleum Co. and Conoco
Inc. announced merger, created third-largest U.S. oil and gas company.
February 3, 2003
- Abandoning a two-month-long general strike that failed to oust
President Hugo Chavez, Venezuela's workers returned to work in all
sectors but oil industry.
August 10, 2005
- Chevron acquired Unocal $17 billion.
January 30, 2006
- Exxon Mobil reported fourth-quarter earnings of $10 billion on revenue
of $99.66 billion = rate of profit of $80,842 per minute; biggest
quarterly profit of any company in history (no accounting adjustments);
total return to shareholders over last 5 years averaged under 8 percent
- same as industry average.
May 1, 2006
- Evo Morales, leftist President of Bolivia, nationalized oil, ordered
troops to secure installations of private energy companies;
second-largest gas reserves in Latin America; Petrobras, Brazilian state
energy company, had most at risk.
December 2007 - Federal
government's long-term projections for U. S. sources of energy:

April 29, 2008 -

August 2008
- Domestic crude oil production down 40% since 1985; number of
exploratory, developmental wells has almost doubled
(Source: Energy Information Division of US Dept. of Energy):

(Abu Dhabi National Oil Company),
Atef Ibrahim Suleiman (2007).
The Petroleum Experience of Abu Dhabi. (Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: The
Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 224 p.).
General Counsel and Manager of the Legal Department of the Abu Dhabi
National Oil Company. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company; petroleum--United Arab
Emirates. Structure of Abu Dhabi oil industry built around Abu Dhabi
National Oil Company (ADNOC), principal producer of oil and gas in
United Arab Emirates; link between government institutions (establish
petroleum policy), operating companies responsible for executing
approved projects; nature of ADNOC operations, its ability to innovate,
develop in order to successfully ride new trends in oil industry.
(American Petroleum Institute), Leonard M. Fanning (1959). The
Story of the American Petroleum Institute; A Study and Report, with
Personal Reminiscences. (New York, NY: World Petroleum Policies, 168
p.). American Petroleum Institute; Petroleum industry and trade--United
States.
(American Petroleum Institute), Stephen P. Potter (1990). The
American Petroleum Institute: An Informal History (1919 – 1987).
(Washington, DC: API).
(American Refining Group), Sally Ryan Costik; foreword by Harvey L.
Golubeck (2006).
The Bradford Oil Refinery. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128
p.). American Refining Group (Firm); Petroleum industry and
trade--Pennsylvania; Petroleum refineries--Pennsylvania--Bradford.
Oldest continuously operating petroleum refinery in United States (125
years); important supplier of lubricants, refinery specialties.
(Aramco), Wallace Stegner (1971).
Discovery; The Search for Arabian Oil. (Beirut, Lebanon: Printed
by Middle East Export Press, 190 p.). Pulitzer-Prize Winner. Arabian
American Oil Company; Petroleum industry and trade--Saudi
Arabia--History. History of the oil venture's early days of Middle
Eastern oil drilling, construction of
first wells (disappointing yields), political
and corporate skirmishes (occasional bombing) that followed, World
War II, end of "frontier" in 1945.
(Aramco), Irvine H. Anderson (1981).
Aramco, the United States, and Saudi Arabia: A Study in the Dynamics of
Foreign Oil Policy, 1933-1950. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 259 p.). Arabian American Oil Company; Petroleum
industry and trade -- Saudi Arabia; Petroleum industry and trade --
United States; United States -- Foreign economic relations -- Saudi
Arabia; United States -- Foreign relations -- Saudi Arabia.
(Aramco), Anthony Cave Brown (1999).
Oil, God, and Gold: The Story
of Aramco and the Saudi Kings. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 420
p.). Arabian American Oil Company; Petroleum industry and trade--Saudi
Arabia.
How
Saudi oil reserves--one-quarter of the world's total--were prospected
for, fought over, and finally won by the U.S.
(Aramco), Edited by Kyle L. Pakka (2006).
The Energy Within: A Photo History of the People of Saudi Aramco.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia: Printed by Afkar Promoseven, 153 p.). Saudi
Aramco--Employees--History--Pictorial works; Petroleum workers--Saudi
Arabia--History--Pictorial works; Petroleum industry and trade--Saudi
Arabia--History--Pictorial works.
(Aramco), Robert Vitalis (2006).
America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier.
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 353 p.). Associate Professor
of Political Science (University of Pennsylvania). Arabian American Oil
Company--History; Saudi Aramco--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--Saudi Arabia--History; United States--Foreign relations--Saudi
Arabia; Saudi Arabia--Foreign relations--United States.
Oil led U.S. government to follow company to
kingdom. Covers more than seventy years, three
continents, true story of events on Saudi oil fields.
(ARCO), (Richfield Oil Corporation), Jones, Charles S. Jones; Foreword by
Robert O. Anderson (1972).
From the Rio Grande to the Arctic; The Story of the Richfield Oil
Corporation. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 364
p.). Richfield Oil Corporation.
(ARCO), Kenneth Harris (1987).
The Wildcatter: A Portrait of
Robert O. Anderson. (New York, NY: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 180
p.). Anderson, Robert O., 1917- ; Atlantic Richfield Co.--History;
Businessmen--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History.
(ARCO), Paul E. Patterson (1999).
Hardhat and Stetson: Robert O.
Anderson, Oilman and Cattleman. (Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 206
p.). Anderson, Robert O., 1917- ; Atlantic Richfield Co.--History;
Businessmen--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History.
(Ashland), Jeffrey L. Rodengen (1998).
New
Horizons : The Story of Ashland, Inc. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write
Stuff Enterprises, 223 p.). Ashland Oil, inc.--History; Petroleum
industry and trade--United States--History; Petroleum chemicals
industry--United States--History.
(Ashland), Joseph L. Massie (1960).
Blazer and Ashland Oil : A
Study in Management. (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press,
253 p.). Blazer, Paul G.; Ashland Oil and Refining Company (Ashland,
Ky.)
(Ashland), Otto J. Scott (1968).
The Exception; the Story of
Ashland Oil & Refining Company. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,
450 p.). Blazer, Paul G.; Ashland Oil and Refining Company, inc.,
Ashland, Ky.
(Aurora Gasoline), Peter Golden (1992).
Quiet Diplomat: A
Biography of Max M. Fisher. (New York, NY: Cornwall Books, 564
p.). Fisher, Max M.; Jews--United States--Biography; Zionists--United
States--Biography; United States--Foreign relations--Israel;
Israel--Foreign relations--United States.
(British Petroleum), Henry Longhurst with a foreword by Winston
Churchill (1959).
Adventure in Oil: The Story of British Petroleum.
(London, UK: Sidgwick and Jackson, 286 p.). British Petroleum Company;
Petroleum industry and trade -- Middle East.
(British Petroleum), John Rowland and Basil, second baron Cadman
(1960).
Ambassador for Oil: The Life of John, First Baron Cadman.
(London, UK: H. Jenkins, 191 p.). Cadman, John Cadman, baron, 1877-1941;
British Petroleum Company; Petroleum industry and trade -- Middle East.
(British Petroleum), J. R. L. Anderson (1969).
East of Suez: A
Study of Britain's Greatest Trading Enterprise. (London, UK: Hodder
& Stoughton, 288 p.). British Petroleum Company; Petroleum industry and
trade -- Middle East.
(British Petroleum), John W. Williamson (1977).
In a Persian Oil Field. (New York, NY: Arno Press, 192 p. [orig.
pub. 1930]). British Petroleum Company; Petroleum industry and trade --
Iran; Iran -- Economic conditions -- 1918-.
(British Petroleum), R.W. Ferrier (1982).
The History of the
British Petroleum Company: Volume 1, The Developing Years, 1901-1932.
(New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 698 p.). British Petroleum
Company.--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Great Britain--History.
(British Petroleum), James H. Bamberg (1994).
The History of the British Petroleum Company: Volume 2, The
Anglo-Iranian Years 1928-1954. (New York, NY: Cambridge
University Press, 667 p.). British Petroleum Company.--History;
Petroleum industry and trade--Great Britain--History.
(British Petroleum), James Bamberg and R.W. Ferrier (2000).
British Petroleum and Global Oil, 1950-1975:
Volume 3, The Challenge of
Nationalism. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 666 p.).
British Petroleum Company--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Great
Britain--History. Volume 3.
(Burmah Oil Company), T.A.B. Corley (1983).
A History of
the Burmah Oil Company, Vol.: 1 1886-1924. (London, UK:
Heinemann, 331 p.). Burmah Oil Company -- History.
(Burmah Oil Company), T.A.B. Corley (1988).
A History of
the Burmah Oil Company, Vol. 2: 1924-1966. (London, UK: Heinemann,
416 p.). Burmah Oil Company -- History.
(Conoco), John Joseph Mathews (1989).
Life and Death of an Oilman: The Career of E.W. Marland.
(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 259 p. [orig. pub. 1951]).
Marland, Ernest Whitworth, 1874-1941; Industrialists--United
States--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United
States--History. Founder of Marland Oil Company.
(Conoco), Russ Banham (2000).
Conoco: 125 Years of Energy. (Lyme,
CT: Greenwich Pub. Co., 276 p.). Conoco Inc.; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History.
(Creole Petroleum Corporation), Wayne C. Taylor and John Lindeman
(1955).
The Creole Petroleum Corporation in Venezuela. (Washington,
DC: National Planning Association, 105 p.). Creole Petroleum
Corporation.
(Cromarty Petroleum), George Rosie (1978).
The Ludwig
Initiative: A Cautionary Tale of North Sea Oil. (Edinburgh,
Scotland: Mainstream Publishing Co., Ltd., 148 p.). Ludwig, Daniel
Keith, 1897-1992; Cromarty Petroleum Company; Petroleum industry and
trade--Scotland; Capitalists and financiers--United States--Biography.
(DeGolyer and MacNaughton), Lon Tinkle; With a foreword by Norman
Cousins (1970).
Mr. De; A Biography of Everette Lee DeGolyer.
(Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 393 p.). DeGolyer, E. (Everette),
1886-1956.
(Delta Drilling), James Presley (1981).
Never in Doubt: A
History of Delta Drilling Company. (Houston, TX: Gulf Pub. Co.,
543 p.). Delta Drilling Company--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--Texas--History; Wealth--Texas--History.
(Doheny), Dan La Botz (1991).
Edward L. Doheny: Petroleum,
Power, and Politics in the United States and Mexico. (New York,
NY: Praeger, 202 p.). Doheny, Edward L. Edward Laurence), 1856-1935;
Industrialists--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--Mexico--History.
(Doheny), Margaret L. Davis (1998).
Dark Side of Fortune:
Triumph and Scandal in the Life of Oil Tycoon Edward L. Doheny.
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 339 p.). Doheny, Edward
L. (Edward Laurence), 1856-1935; Industrialists--United
States--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United
States--History; Petroleum industry and trade--California,
Southern--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Mexico--History;
Teapot Dome Scandal, 1921-1924.
(Doheny), Martin R. Ansell (1998).
Oil Baron of the Southwest:
Edward L. Doheny and the Development of the Petroleum Industry in
California and Mexico. (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press,
302 p.). Doheny, Edward L. (Edward Laurence), 1856-1935;
Industrialists--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--California, Southern--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--Mexico--History.
(Dome Petroleum), Peter Foster (1983).
Other People's Money: The
Banks, the Government, and Dome. (Toronto, ON: Collins, 286 p.).
Dome Petroleum Limited--History--20th century; Petroleum industry and
trade--Canada--Finance--History--20th century.
(Dome Petroleum), Jim Lyon (1983).
Dome Petroleum: The Inside
Story of Its Rise and Fall. (New York, NY: Beaufort Books, 227
p.). Dome Petroleum Limited--History--20th century; Petroleum industry
and trade--Canada--History--20th century.
(Dresser Industries), Darwin Payne (1979).
Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc., 1880-1978.
(New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 415 p.). Dresser Industries, inc.
-- History.
(Elf-Aquitaine), Pierre Péan et Jean-Pierre Séréni (1982). Les
Emirs de la République: l'Aventure du Pétrole Tricolore. (Paris,
FR: Seuil, 224 p.). Elf-Aquitaine (Company); Petroleum industry and
trade--France.
(Elf-Aquitaine), Elf-Aquitaine Company (1998).
Elf Aquitaine:
Des Origines À 1989. (Paris, FR: Fayard, 366 p.). Elf-Aquitaine
(Company); Petroleum industry and trade--France; Petroleum
products--France.
(ENSCO), Carolyn Barta (2007).
ENSCO: The First Twenty Years: Offshore Driller of Choice.
(Houston, TX: Gulf Pub., 264 p.). ENSCO--History; Offshore oil well
drilling--United States--History; Offshore oil industry--United
States--History.
(Esso Standard Oil Company), Erasmo Dumpierre (1984). La Esso en
Cuba: Monopolio y Republica Burguesa. (La Habana, Cuba: Editorial
de Ciencias Sociales, 148 p.). Esso Standard Oil Company
(Cuba)--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Government
policy--Cuba--History.
(Getty), J. Paul Getty (1941). The History of the Oil Business
of George F. and J. Paul Getty from 1903 to 1939. (Los Angeles,
CA: J. Paul Getty, 501 p.). Getty, George Franklin, 1855-1930;
Petroleum industry and trade--United States.
(Getty), Ralph Hewins (1960).
The Richest American: J. Paul
Getty. (New York, NY: Dutton, 404 p.). Getty, J. Paul (Jean Paul),
1892-1976.
(Getty), J. Paul Getty (1976).
As I See It: The Autobiography of
J. Paul Getty. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 360 p.). Getty,
J. Paul (Jean Paul), 1892-1976.
(Getty), Russell Miller (1985).
The House of Getty. (London,
UK: M. Joseph, 361 p.). Getty, J. Paul (Jean Paul), 1892-1976; Getty
family; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Millionaires--United
States--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History;
Rich people--United States--Biography.
(Getty), Robert Lenzner (1986).
The Great Getty: The Life and
Loves of J. Paul Getty, Richest Man in the World. (New York, NY:
Crown Publishers, 283 p.). Getty, J. Paul (Jean Paul), 1892-1976;
Businessmen--United States--Biography; Millionaires--United
States--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History;
Rich people--United States--Biography.
(Getty), Steve Coll (1987).
The Taking of Getty Oil: The Full Story of the Most Spectacular--&
Catastrophic--Takeover of All Time. (New York, NY: Atheneum, 528
p.). Getty family; Getty Oil Company; Petroleum industry and trade --
United States -- History.
(Gulf), Craig Thompson (1951).
Since Spindletop: A Human Story
of Gulf's First Half-Century. (Pittsburgh, PA: Gulf Oil
Corporation, 110 p.). Gulf Oil Corporation
(Gulf), William S. Hoffman (1974).
Paul Mellon: Portrait of an
Oil Baron. (Chicago, IL: Follett Pub. Co., 204 p.). Mellon, Paul;
Gulf Oil Corporation.
(Gulf), Chris Eipper (1989).
Hostage to Fortune: Bantry Bay and the Encounter with Gulf Oil.
(St. John's, Nfld: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 193 p.).
Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Co.; Petroleum industry and trade
-- Social aspects -- Ireland -- Bantry; Economic development -- Social
aspects -- Ireland -- Bantry; International business enterprises --
Social aspects -- Ireland -- Bantry; Bantry (Ireland) -- Social
conditions.
(Home Oil), Philip Smith (1978).
The Treasure-Seekers: The Men
Who Built Home Oil. (Toronto, ON: Macmillan of Canada, 310 p.).
Home Oil Company -- History; Petroleum industry and trade -- Canada --
History.
(Hughes Tool), Michael R. Botson, Jr. (2005).
Labor, Civil Rights, and the Hughes Tool Company. (College
Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 265 p.). Hughes Tool Company;
Labor unions--Texas--History--20th century; Labor
movement--Texas--History--20th century; African Americans--Employment;
African Americans--Civil rights. July 12, 1964 -
National Labor Relations Board decertified racially segregated
Independent Metal Workers Union as collective bargaining agent at
Hughes Tool Company; first ruling in Labor Board's history that racial
discrimination by union violated National Labor Relations Act.
(Humble Oil & Refining), Henrietta M. Larson and Kenneth Wiggins Porter
(1959).
History of Humble Oil & Refining Company; A Study in
Industrial Growth. (New York, NY: Harper, 769 p.). Harvard
Business School, University of Oregon. Humble Oil and Refining
Company.
(Humble Oil & Refining), Ross S. Sterling and Ed Kilman; edited and
revised by Don Carleton; foreword by Dolph Briscoe, Jr. (2007).
Ross Sterling, Texan: A Memoir by the Founder of Humble Oil and
Refining Company. (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 280
p. [rev. ed.]). Principal Founder of the Humble Oil and Refining
Company. Sterling, Ross S., 1875-1949; Humble Oil and Refining Company
(Incorporated in Tex.)--Biography; Houston post-dispatch--History;
Governors--Texas--Biography. Businessmen--Texas--Biography;
Bankers--Texas--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--Texas--History--20th century; Texas--Politics and
government--1865-1950; Texas--Economic conditions--20th century;
Houston (Tex.)--Biography. History of Houston, growth of American oil industry.
(Hunt), Jerome Tuccille (1984).
Kingdom: The Story of the Hunt
Family of Texas. (Ottawa, IL: Jameson Books, 384 p.). Hunt family;
Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Capitalists and
financiers--United States--Biography.
(Hunt), Hunt Oil Company (1995).
The History of Hunt Oil
Company: Our 60th Year, 1994. (Dallas, TX: Hunt Oil Company, 128
p.). Hunt Oil Company--History; Petroleum industry and trade--United
States--History.
(Imperial Oil), Hope Morritt (1993).
Rivers of Oil: The Founding of North America's Petroleum Industry.
(Kingston, ON: Quarry Press, 194 p.). Imperial Oil Limited -- History;
Petroleum industry and trade -- Ontario -- Oil Springs -- History; Oil
Springs (Ont.) -- History; Petrolia (Ont.) -- History.
(Irving Oil), Russell Hunt and Robert Campbell (1973).
K.C. Irving: The Art of the Industrialist. (Toronto, ON:
McClelland and Stewart, 197 p.). Irving, K. C. (Kenneth Colin), 1899-;
New Brunswick -- Economic conditions -- 1945-.
(Irving Oil), John DeMont (1991).
Citizens Irving: K.C. Irving and His Legacy: The Story of Canada's
Wealthiest Family. (Toronto, ON: Doubleday Canada, 253 p.).
Irving, K. C. (Kenneth Colin), 1899- ; Irwin family; Industrialists --
New Brunswick -- Biography; Capitalists and financiers -- New
Brunswick -- Biography.
(Irving Oil), Douglas How & Ralph Costello (1993).
K.C.: The Biography of K.C. Irving. (Toronto, ON: Key Porter
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-- New Brunswick -- Biography; Capitalists and financiers -- New
Brunswick -- Biography.
(Julian Petroleum), Jules Tygiel (1996).
The Great Los Angeles
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(Koch Industries), J. Howard Marshall II; edited with an
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Done in Oil: An
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Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
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(Kuwait Petroleum Corporation), Mary Ann Tétreault (1995).
The
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and the Economics of the New World Order
(Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 232 p.). Kuwait Petroleum Corporation;
Petroleum industry and trade -- Kuwait; Petroleum industry and trade
-- Government policy -- Kuwait; Investments -- Kuwait; Kuwait --
Foreign economic relations.
(Mapco), Rufus Jarman (1977).
The Energy Merchant. (New
York, NY: R. Rosen Press, 279 p.). Thomas, Robert E., 1914- ;
Mapco--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.
(Marathon), Hartzell Spence (1962).
Portrait in Oil, How the
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(Marland Oil Company), John Joseph Mathews (1989).
Life and
Death of an Oilman: The Career of E.W. Marland. (Norman, OK:
University of Oklahoma Press, 259 p. [orig. pub. 1951]). Marland,
Ernest Whitworth, 1874-1941; Industrialists--United States--Biography;
Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History.
(McMan Oil Company), Carl N. Tyson, James H. Thomas, Odie B. Faulk
(1977).
The McMan: The Lives of Robert M. McFarlin and James A.
Chapman. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press for the
Oklahoma Heritage Association, 224 p.). McFarlin, Robert Martin,
1866-1942; Chapman, James Allen, 1881-1966; McMan Oil
Company--History; McMan Oil and Gas Company--History; Petroleum
industry and trade--Oklahoma--History;
Businesspeople--Oklahoma--Biography.
(Mesa Petroleum), T. Boone Pickens, Jr. (1987).
Boone (Boston,
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industry and trade--United States--History.
(Mesa Petroleum), T. Boone Pickens, Jr. (2000).
The Luckiest Guy in the World. (Washington, DC: BeardBooks,
388 p.). Founder (Mesa Petroleum). Pickens, T. Boone (Thomas Boone);
Businessmen--United States--Biography; Success in business--United
States; Entrepreneurship; Petroleum industry and trade--United States;
Petroleum industry and trade--Management.
(Mitchell Energy & Development), Joseph W. Kutchin (2001).
How
Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. Got Its Start and How It Grew: An
Oral History and Narrative Overview. (Woodlands, TX: Universal
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Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History.; Petroleum
industry and trade--Texas--History; Gas industry--United
States--History; Gas industry--Texas--History; Woodlands
(Tex.)--History.
(Mobil Oil - originally SOCONY - Standard Oil Company of New York;
1954 Socony-Vacuum Corporation officially adopts Mobil name), Howard
Bird, Jr. (1990).
Were Grandfathers Always Old?: Autobiography.
(New Canaan, CT: H. Bird, Jr., 357 p.). Bird, Howard, 1916- ; Mobil Oil
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(Mobil Oil - Philippines), The Company (1991). Mobil, 100 Years in
the Philippines, 1892-1992. (Manila, Phiippines: The Company, 108
p.). Mobil Oil Philippines--History; Petroleum industry and
trade--Philippines; Natural gas--Philippines.
(Mobil Oil), Robert L. Kerr (2005).
The Rights of Corporate Speech: Mobil Oil and the Legal Development of
the Voice of Big Business. (New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Pub.,
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speech--United States; Corporations--Political activity--Law and
legislation--United States.
(Moncrief Oil), Charlie Moncrief (2002).
Wildcatters: The True Story of How Conspiracy, Greed and the IRS
Almost Destroyed a Legendary Texas Oil Family. (Washington,
DC: Regnery, 260 p.). Moncrief Oil; Tax evasion--Texas--Fort
Worth--Case studies.
(Murchison), Jane Wolfe (1989).
The Murchisons: The Rise and
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p.). Murchison, Clinton Williams, 1895-1969; Murchison family; Dallas
Cowboys (Football team); Capitalists and financiers--United
States--Biography; Texas--Biography.
(National Petroleum Council), Joseph A. Pratt, William H. Becker, &
William M. McClenahan, Jr. (2002).
Voice of the Marketplace: A History of the National Petroleum Council.
(College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 292 p.). National
Petroleum Council--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Government
policy--United States--History; Gas industry--Government
policy--United States--History; Energy policy--United States--History;
Environmental policy--United States--History; Energy advisory
committees--United States--History; Executive advisory bodies--United
States--History; National security--United States.
(Occidental), Bob Considine (1975).
The Remarkable Life of Dr.
Armand Hammer. (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 287 p.). Hammer,
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(Occidental), Joseph Finder (1983).
Red Carpet. (New York,
NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 372 p.). Businesspeople--United
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(Occidental), Armand Hammer, with Neil Lyndon (1987).
Hammer.
(New York, NY: Putnam, 544 p.). Hammer, Armand, 1897- ;
Businessmen--United States--Biography; Capitalists and
financiers--United States--Biography; Statesmen--United
States--Biography; United States--Relations--Soviet Union; Soviet
Union--Relations--United States.
(Occidental), Steve Weinberg (1989).
Armand Hammer: The Untold
Story. (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 501 p.). Hammer, Armand, 1897-
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States--Biography; Rich people--United States--Biography.
(Occidental), Carl Blumay with Henry Edwards (1992).
The Dark
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Schuster, 494 p.). Hammer, Armand, 1897- ; Businessmen--United
States--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--United
States--Biography; Statesmen--United States--Biography; United
States--Relations--Soviet Union; Soviet Union--Relations--United
States.
(Occidental), Edward Jay Epstein (1996).
Dossier: The Secret
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States--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--United
States--Biography; Statesmen--United States--Biography; United
States--Relations--Soviet Union; Soviet Union--Relations--United
States.
(Okalta Oil Limited), Ed. David H. Breen (1984).
William Stewart Herron: Father of the Petroleum Industry in Alberta.
(Calgary, AB: Alberta Records Publication Board, Historical Society of
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Petroleum Exporting Countries: History, Policies, and Prospects
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(Pennsylvania), Paul H. Giddens (1947).
Pennsylvania Petroleum,
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Petroleum industry and trade--Pennsylvania; Petroleum--History.
(Petro-Canada), Peter Foster (1992). Self Serve: How Petro-Canada
Pumped Canadians Dry. (Toronto, ON: Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 323
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(Petroleum Club of Houston), Jack Donahue (1984).
The Finest in
the Land: The Story of the Petroleum Club of Houston. (Houston,
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Petroleum industry and trade--Texas--History.
(Phillips Petroleum), Michael Wallis with a foreword by John Gibson
Phillips, Jr. (1995).
Oil Man: The Story of Frank Phillips and the
Birth of Phillips Petroleum. (New York, NY: St. Martin's, 480 p.).
Phillips, Frank, 1873-; Phillips Petroleum Company--History;
Industrialists--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and
trade--United States--History.
(Pinal Dome), Richard C. Schwarzman (1976).
The Pinal Dome Oil
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Hugh Roy Cullen: A Story of American Opportunity. (New York,
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The Hutton Story. (Orange, CA: Chapman
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Former Minister in the British government, Founding Director of
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Refican (Corporation); Businesspeople--United States--Biography;
Petroleum industry and trade--Asia; Petroleum industry and
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The House of Robinson: The Robinsons of Rhode Island: Their Genealogy
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