February 11, 1808 - Judge Jesse Fell of Wilkes-Barre, PA found a cheap, clean burning fuel by burning anthracite coal to keep his house warm; developed a method to burn the stone coal without the use of forced air and his fireplace grate opened up the home heating market; northeast Pennsylvania became an important coal mining area for generations.

1815 - English chemist, Sir Humphrey Davy of London invented a miner's safety lamp ("Davy lamp")  to protect coal miners from firedamp, an explosive mix of methane gas and air; January 9, 1816 - first trial of a Davy lamp with a wire sieve, at Hebburn Colliery coalmine.

March 15, 1848 - The Californian newspaper (founded in Monterey on August 15, 1846 by Walter Colton, Robert Semple) reported discovery of gold; March 25, 1848 - The California Star newspaper (first published in San Francisco on January 9, 1847 by Sam Brannan, Elbert P. Jones, Edward C. Kemble) reported discovery of gold; April 1, 1848 - printed six-page extra edition; described "immensely rich" gold mine in Sacramento Valley; June 10, 1848 - publication of California Star temporarily halted because the staff had rushed of to the Sierra gold fields; November 11, 1848 - The Californian acquired by California Star; November 18, 1848 - Kemble published California Star and The Californian; January 22, 1849 - name changed to The Alta California; first daily newspaper in California

August 19, 1848 - News of gold discovered in California in January of 1848 made it to the East Coast; New York Herald published news of discovery; confirmed officially by President James Polk.

(http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldrush/map/images/goldrush_map.jpg)

May 22, 1851 - Gold discovered in Australia.

1869 - John W. Mackay, James G. Fair, James C. Flood, William S. O'Brien formed partnership, Bonanza Firm; developed Comstock Lode; 1873 - struck one of richest veins in history, Big Bonanza; produced more than $180 million in ore in just over four years.

October 19, 1869 - Prussian-born mining engineer, Adolph Sutro, began work on one four-mile-long large horizontal tunnel (Sutro Tunnel) through rock of neighboring Mt. Davidson to Comstock Lode mining district in Virginia City, NV; one of richest silver deposits in world (discovered by prospectors in 1859); tunnel intended to drain mine water found in deep shafts horizontally (rather than through expensive pumps to surface); 1878 - $5 million project completed; tunnel drained some two million gallons of water from mines per year, greatly reduced transportation costs; 1879 - Sutro sold tunnel at fantastic profit, moved to San Francisco, became one of city's largest landowners, city's mayor from 1894 to 1896.

October 19, 1872 - Holtermann's Nugget, a slab of slate containing 82.11 kg of gold, largest mass of reef gold ever, was found at the Bald Hill Mine at Hill End Gold Mine in New South Wales, Australia; not a nugget, but a specimen also known as a matrix, weighed 286kg, measured 150cm by 66cm, an average thickness of 10cm; 1967 - Hill End was proclaimed an historic site.

1877 - Edward Schieffelin found one of richest silver veins in West in area of present-day southern Arizona, about 70 miles southeast of Tucson in San Pedro Valley; named it Tombstone Lode; 1881 - more than 10,000 people lived in region, Tombstone had become seat of newly created Cochise County; early 1890s - most of mines had closed, town went into decline.

March 3, 1879 - Congress established United States Geological Survey, played a pivotal role in exploration, development of West; focused on practical geographical, geological investigations that might spur western economic development; became one of federal government's most important tools for encouraging exploitation of western natural resources; Clarence King appointed first director; first major reports concerned  economic geology of two important mining districts, Nevada's Comstock Lode and Colorado's Leadville silver district.

January 25, 1890 - The United Mine Workers of America was founded; 1942 - UMWA pulled up its stakes and withdrew from the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations); 1970 - reform minded president Joseph A. Yablonski, his wife and daughter, were murdered (W.A. (Tony) Boyle, who had preceded Yablonski as the union's chief, was convicted of ordering the murders); 1989 - UMWA joined forces with the AFL-CIO.

April 4, 1896 - Announcement of Gold in Yukon; August 12, 1896 - Gold was discovered at Klondike River, near Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada; August 16, 1896 - Sometime prospector George Carmack started Klondike Gold Rush; stumbled across gold while salmon fishing with two Tagish Indian friends on Rabbit Creek, a tributary of the Klondike River in the Yukon; sparked the last great western gold rush. Subsequent expeditions in the spring and summer of the following year turned up other sizeable gold deposits. Major mass-circulation newspapers played up the story of the gold strikes, sparked a nationwide sensation. In the years to come, as many as 50,000 eager gold seekers arrived in the Klondike-Yukon region -  inspired romanticized Yukon tales of hardship and adventure by  Jack London and the poems of Robert Service. Carmack reportedly took a million dollars worth of gold out of his Klondike claims, retired to Vancouver, BC. 

January 26, 1905 - Superintendent Captain Frederick Wells of the Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Company Limited (Pretoria, South Africa) discovered the Cullinan Diamond, world's largest gem-quality diamond, 3106 carats; named for Thomas Cullinan, a Johannesburg building contractor who owned the mining company (registered as Premier on December 1, 1902).

December 6, 1907 - An explosion in a network of mines owned by the Fairmont Coal Company in Monongahm, WV killed 361 coal miners; worst mining disaster in American history; 1907 - nationwide, a total of 3,242 Americans were killed in mine accidents; United Mine Workers of America labor union, sympathetic legislators forced safety regulations that brought a steady decline in death rates in West Virginia and elsewhere.

May 13, 1909 - London and Rhodesian Mining Company Limited incorporated (Lonrho plc); 1961 - Roland "Tiny" Rowland joined company; sales (over 34 years) increased 787-fold, profits rose 1,365 times; January 1993 - Dieter Bock, German financier, became largest shareholder; shared chief executive's position with Rowland; October 1993 - forced to step down as Chairman; November 3, 1994 - Rowland ousted from chief executive position; January 1997 - Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Ltd., South Africa's largest company, acquired 26% controlling interest in Lonrho; changed focus to mining (platinum, gold, coal) in Africa; 1997 - Bock gone; 1999 - renamed Lonmin plc to symbolize return to mining roots.

1917 - Sir Ernest Oppenheimer founded Anglo American Corporation to exploit gold mining potential of East Rand; 1926 - Anglo American became largest single shareholder in De Beers (Oppenheimer became chairman in 1929); 1928 -became involved in developing what is now known as the Zambian Copperbelt; 1957 - opened Western Deep Levels (gold mined at twice the depth previously recorded); 1961 - acquired interest in Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company in Canada, first major investment outside southern Africa; early 1970s - acquired Latin American assets, founded Minerals and Resources Corporation (later Minorco); 1981 - first mining house to encourage recognition of black trades unions; 1993 - major reorganization of assets with Anglo American holding assets in Africa, Minorco interests in other parts of the world; May 1999 - Anglo American plc formed through combination of Anglo American Corporation of South Africa (AACSA) and Minorco.

November 1919 - Mesabi Iron Co. of Babbitt, MN began operations; June 21, 1922 - produced first cargo of taconite, hard rock containing 25% - 30% iron (low-grade ore containing only up to 30% magnetite and hematite as tiny particles scattered throughout a very tough variety of quartz called chert); October 1, 1933 - first cargo shipped to the Ford Motor Company of River Rouge, MI.

January 25, 1946 - The United Mine Workers rejoined the American Federation of Labor.

June 1, 1951 - A titanium plant opened in Henderson, NV; first fully self-contained and integrated facility in the U.S.; converted titanium ore into titanium sponge, melted down and formed into ingots of titanium metal.

February 16, 1953 - Research in Sweden, headed by Erik Lundblad, funded by Swedish electrical company ASEA, produced man-made diamond crystals, size of grains of sand in high pressure press, by subjecting graphite to 83,000 atmospheres pressure, about 2000°C for an hour; despite one success, equipment unreliable, dangerous; December 16, 1954 - General Electric produced man-made diamonds, recognized as first process that was reproducible.

September 13, 1956 - Reserve Mining Company, Duluth, MN, built E.W. Davis Works at Silver Bay, MN (jointly owned by the Armco Steel,  Republican Steel); began full production of taconite (hard ore containing 25 to 30% iron); first U.S. plant established for large-scale commercial production.

June 4, 1957 - First commercial coal pipeline placed in operation; more than one million tons of coal per year could be moved from mine in Ohio to power station 108 miles away; extended from Georgetown Preparation Plant of Hanna Coal Company (near Cadiz, Ohio), to Cleveland Illuminating Company power station (Eastlake, Ohio); pipeline, 10-3/4 inches in diameter, designed to move equal mixture of coal, water at rate of 150 tons of coal per hour.

November 2, 1957 - Titanium Metals Corp. of America opened first titanium mill in Toronto, OH; first in U.S. for rolling, forging titanium; birth of tonnage structural metal industry.

March 14, 1960 - First offshore sulphur mine, off Louisiana coast, obtained sulphur.

July 11, 1971 - Chilean parliament nationalized U.S. copper mines.

1992 - British coal industry privatized.

June 26, 2006 - Phelps Dodge agreed to acquire two Canadian companies, Inco and Falconbridge for approximately $40 billion in total; will made it global leader in copper and nickel mining business, close to being largest.

March 29, 2007 - Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold acquired Phelps Dodge, world's second largest copper producer, for $25.9 billion; created world's largest copper miner, largest mining company based in North America.

(American Zinc), James D. Norris (1968). AZ: A History of the American Zinc Company. (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 244 p.). American Zinc Company.

(Anaconda), Issac F. Marcosson (1976). Anaconda. (New York, NY: Arno Press, 370 p. [Reprint of 1957 ed.]). Anaconda Company.

(Anglo American Corporation), Duncan Innes (1984). Anglo American and the Rise of Modern South Africa. (New York, NY: Monthly Review Press, 358 p.). Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, ltd. -- History; Mineral industries -- South Africa -- History; South Africa -- Economic conditions; Industries -- South Africa -- History.

(Anglo American Corporation), Bill Jamieson (1990). Goldstrike!: The Oppenheimer Empire in Crisis. (London, UK: Business Books, 252 p.). Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, ltd. -- History.

(Anzin Coal Company), Reed G. Geiger (1974). The Anzin Coal Company, 1800-1833: Big Business in the Early Stages of the French Industrial Revolution. (Newark, DE: University of Delaware, 345 p.). Compagnie des mines d'Anzin; Coal trade--France--Case studies; Industrial management--France--History.

(Arch Mineral), Otto J. Scott (1989). Buried Treasure: The Story of Arch Mineral Corporation. (Washington, DC: Braddock Communications, 246 p.). Arch Mineral Corporation--History; Coal trade--United States--History.

(ASARCO), Harvey O'Connor (1937). The Guggenheims; The Making of an American Dynasty. (New York, NY: Covici, Friede, 496 p.). Guggenheim family; Mineral industries--United States.

(ASARCO), Issac Frederick Marcosson (1949). Metal Magic; The Story of the American Smelting & Refining Company. (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, 313 p.). American Smelting and Refining Company.

(ASARCO), Milton Lomask (1964). Seed Money: The Guggenheim Story. (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, 307 p.). Guggenheim family.

(ASARCO), Edwin P. Hoyt, Jr. (1967). The Guggenheims and the American Dream. (New York, NY: Funk & Wagnalls, 382 p.). Guggenheim Family.

(ASARCO), John H. Davis (1978). The Guggenheims: An American Epic. (New York, NY: Morrow, 608 p.). Guggenheim family; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Art patrons--United States--Biography; Jews--United States--Biography; United States--Biography.

(Ashanti Goldfields Co.), Edward S. Ayensu (1997). Ashanti Gold: The African Legacy of the World's Most Precious Metal. (Accra, Ghana: Ashanti Goldfields, 200 p.). Ashanti Goldfields Co.--History; Gold mines and mining--Ghana--History.

(Barrick Gold), Richard Rohmer (1997). The Golden Phoenix: A Biography of Peter Munk. (Toronto, ON: Key Porter Books, 360 p.). Munk, Peter, 1927- ; Barrick Gold Corp.--History; Businessmen--Canada--Biography; Gold industry--Canada--History; International business enterprises--Canada--History.

(Best Coal Company), David P. Bridges (2003). The Best Coal Company in All Chicago: And How It Got That Way. (Martinsville, IN: Bookman Pub., 155 p.). Best family; Best, Jacob, 1878-1963; Best Coal Company; Coal trade--Illinois--Chicago; Germans--Illinois--Chicago; Chicago (Ill.)--Biography. 

(British South Africa Company), John S. Galbraith (1974). Crown and Charter: The Early Years of the British South Africa Company. (Berekeley, CA: University of California Press, 354 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; British South Africa Company.

(British South Africa Company), Paul Maylam (1980). Rhodes, the Tswana, and the British: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Conflict in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1885-1899. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 245 p.). British South Africa Company; Tswana (African people); Botswana -- Colonization.

(British South Africa Company), Fergus Macpherson (1981). Anatomy of a Conquest--the British Occupation of Zambia, 1884-1924. (Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman, 266 p.). British South Africa Company; Zambia -- History -- To 1890; Zambia -- History -- 1890-1924.

(British South Africa Company), Arthur Keppel-Jones (1983). Rhodes and Rhodesia: The White Conquest of Zimbabwe, 1884-1902. (Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 674 p.). British South Africa Company; Zimbabwe -- History -- 1890-1965; Zimbabwe -- History; Zimbabwe -- Colonization.

(Broken Hill Proprietary), Geoffrey Blainey (1968). The Rise of Broken Hill. (Melbourne, AU: Macmillan of Australia, 184 p.). Mineral industries--Australia--Broken Hill (N.S.W.)--History.

(Broken Hill Proprietary), Christopher Jay (1999). A Future More Prosperous: The History of Newcastle Steelworks, 1912-1999. (Newcastle, NSW: Broken Hill Proprietary Co., 280 p.). BHP Newcastle Steelworks (Newcastle, N.S.W.)--History; Steel industry and trade--Australia--Newcastle (N.S.W.)--History.

(Broken Hill South), Brian Carroll (1986). Built on Silver: A History of Broken Hill South. (Melbourne, AU: Hill of Content, 187 p.). Broken Hill South Pty. Ltd.--History; Mineral industries--Australia--History; Mining corporations--Australia--History.

(Bunker Hill Company), Katherine G. Aiken (2005). Idaho's Bunker Hill: The Rise and Fall of a Great Mining Company, 1885-1981. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 284 p.). Bunker Hill Company--History; Mineral industries--Idaho--Kellogg--History; Lead mines and mining--Idaho--Kellogg--History; Zinc mines and mining--Idaho--Kellogg--History; Silver mines and mining--Idaho--Kellogg--History.

(Calumet and Hecla), C. Harry Benedict (1952). Red Metal; The Calumet and Hecla Story. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 257 p.). Calumet and Hecla, Inc.

(Cash-On-Delivery Mine), Thomas J. Noel and Cathleen M. Norman (2000). Pikes Peak Partnership: The Penroses and the Tutts. (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 264 p.). Penrose, Spencer, b. 1865; Tutt, Charles Leaming; Businessmen--Colorado--Colorado Springs--Biography; Industrialists--Colorado--Colorado Springs--Biography; Philanthropists--Colorado--Colorado Springs--Biography; Colorado Springs (Colo.)--Biography.

(Cash-on-Delivery Mine), Robert C. Olson (2008). Speck: The Life and Times of Spencer Penrose. (Lake City, CO: Western Reflections Pub. Co., 209 p.). Penrose, Spencer, b. 1865; Broadmoor (Hotel : Colorado Springs, Colo.) --History; Businessmen --Colorado --Biography; Industrialists --Colorado --Biography; Real estate developers --Colorado --Biography; Philanthropists --Colorado --Biography; Civic leaders --Colorado --Biography; Mines and mineral resources --Colorado --History; Colorado Springs (Colo.) --Biography; Colorado --History --1876-1950. Colorado Springs mining magnate, hotelier; made first fortune in C.O.D. mine; invested in speculative technology for extracting copper from low-grade ore at Bingham Canyon, UT (beginning of Utah Copper Co., later Kennecott, source of Penrose millions); 1918 - built Broadmoor.

(Chamber of Mines of South Africa), John Lang (1986). Bullion Johannesburg: Men, Mines, and the Challenge of Conflict. (Johannesburg, SA: J. Ball, 509 p.). Chamber of Mines of South Africa--History; Mineral industries--South Africa--History; Miners--South Africa--History.

(Coal & Allied), Christopher Jay (1994). The Coal Masters: The History of Coal & Allied 1844-1994. (Double Bay, NSW: Focus, 240 p.). Coal & Allied--History; Coal mines and mining--Australia--History.

(Coal), Howard N. Eavenson (1942). The First Century and a Quarter of American Coal Industry. (Pittsburgh, PA: Privately Printed, 701 p.). Coal trade--United States; Coal mines and mining--United States.

(Coal), Norman L. Dalsted and F. Larry Leistritz (1974). A Selected Bibliography on Coal-Energy Development of Particular Interest to the Western States. (Fargo, ND: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, North Dakota Agricultural Experimental Station, North Dakota State University, 82 p.). Coal mines and mining--Bibliography; Coal mines and mining--West (U.S.)--Bibliography.

(Coal), M. W. Kirby (1977). The British Coalmining Industry, 1870-1946: A Political and Economic History. (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 278 p.). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Industrial policy--Great Britain--History.

(Coal), H. Benjamin Powell (1978). Philadelphia's First Fuel Crisis: Jacob Cist and the Developing Market for Pennsylvania Anthracite. (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Pres, 167 p.). Cist, Jacob, 1782-1825; Anthracite coal -- Pennsylvania -- History; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography.

(Coal), Michael W. Flinn (1984). The History of the British Coal Industry: 1700-1830, The Industrial Revolution. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Coal trade--Government ownership--Great Britain--History.  

(Coal), B.R. Mitchell (1984). Economic Development of the British Coal Industry, 1800-1914. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 381 p.). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal miners--Labor unions--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Coal miners--Great Britain--History. 

(Coal), Roy Church (1986). The History of the British Coal Industry: 1830-1913: Victorian Pre-Eminence. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 850 p.). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Coal trade--Government ownership--Great Britain--History.  

(Coal), Barry Supple (1988). The History of the British Coal Industry, 1913-1946: The Political Economy of Decline. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 770 p.). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Coal trade--Government ownership--Great Britain--History.  

(Gold), Brian Roberts (2000). American Alchemy: The California Gold Rush and Middle-Class Culture. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 328 p.). Assistant Professor of History (California State University in Sacramento). Frontier and pioneer life--California; Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.); Pioneers--California--History--19th century; Pioneers--Northeastern States--History--19th century; Middle class--California--History--19th century; Middle class--Northeastern States--History--19th century; California--Gold discoveries--Social aspects; California--Social conditions--19th century; Northeastern States--Social conditions--19th century. Long-neglected truth of gold rush: many of northeastern forty-niners who ventured westward were middle-class in origin, status, values; did not turn their backs on middle-class culture; overlooked chapter in history of formation of middle class - rebellion against standards of respectability.

(Gold), H. W. Brands (2002). The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the Birth of Modern America. (New York, NY: Doubleday, 547 p.). California--Gold discoveries; California--Gold discoveries--Social aspects; United States--Civilization--1783-1865; United States--Social conditions--To 1865. 

(Gold), Edited by Kenneth N. Owens (2002). Riches for All: The California Gold Rush and the World. (Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 367 p.). Professor Emeritus of History and Ethnic Studies (California State University, Sacramento). California --Ethnic relations; California --Social conditions --19th century; Minorities --California --Social conditions --19th century; Immigrants --California --Social conditions --19th century; Frontier and pioneer life --California; California --Gold discoveries --Social aspects. California gold rush created more diverse, metropolitan society than world had ever known; leading scholars reexamine gold rush, evaluate its trajectory and legacy within global context of religion and race, economics, technology, law, culture.

(Gold), Dale L. Walker (2003). Eldorado: The California Gold Rush. (New York, NY: Forge, p.). Pioneers--California--History--19th century; Pioneers--California--Biography; Frontier and pioneer life--California; California--Gold discoveries; California--History--1846-1850; California--Biography. Toll on humans, nature far outwieghed benefits; brutal era, arduous journeys, collision of cultures in San Francisco, perils of chasing gold. Morale of story: greed undercuts greed until nothing remains.

(Gold), Albert L. Hurtado (2006). John Sutter: A Life on the North American Frontier. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 416 p.). Paul H. and Doris Eaton Travis Chair of Modern American History (University of Oklahoma). Sutter, John. First fully documented account of John Sutter in broader context of America’s rush for westward expansion.

(Gold), John Stewart (2007). Thomas F. Walsh: Progressive Businessman and Colorado Mining Tycoon. (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 230 p.). Walsh, Thomas F. (Thomas Francis), 1850-1910; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Colorado -- Gold discoveries; Gold mines and mining -- Colorado -- History. Struck gold at Camp Bird Mine in Ouray, CO;  developed mine properly; enlightened employer (mines cleaner and safer than most, provided miners with comfortable living quarters, decent food, supported eight-hour day).

(Homestake Mining), Joseph H. Cash (1973). Working the Homestake. (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 141 p.). Homestake Mining Company; Gold miners -- South Dakota.

(International Mining Corporation), Patrick O'Neill (2007). From Snowshoes to Wingtips: The Life of Patrick O'Neill. (Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Foundation, 208 p.). Former President of International Mining Corporation. O'Neill, Patrick; Mining corporations--Alaska--History.

(International Nickel), John F. Thompson and Norman Beasley (1960). For the Years To Come: A Story of International Nickel of Canada. (New York, NY: Putnam, 374 p.). International Nickel Company of Canada--History.

(International Nickel Company), Jamie Swift and the Development Education Centre ; foreword by Dave Patterson (1977). The Big Nickel: Inco at Home and Abroad. (Kitchener, ON: Between the Lines. International Nickel Company of Canada -- History; Nickel industry -- Ontario -- Sudbury.

(International Nickel Company), Wallace Clement (1981). Hardrock Mining: Industrial Relations and Technological Changes at INCO. (Toronto, ON: McClelland and Stewart, 392 p.). International Nickel Company; Nickel mines and mining -- Canada -- Case studies; Nickel mines and mining -- Canada -- Technological innovations; Industrial relations -- Canada -- Case studies.

(Imperial Smelting Corporation), E. J. Cocks and B. Walters (1968). A History of the Zinc Smelting Industry in Britain. (London, UK: Harrap, 224 p.). Imperial Smelting Corporation Ltd., London; Zinc industry and trade--Great Britain.

(Jadeite), Adrian Levy and Cathy Scott-Clark (2002). The Stone of Heaven: Unearthing the Secret History of Imperial Green Jade. (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 408 p.). British Freelance Journalists. Jadeite (Petrology)--Burma. 

(Lead), James Alexander Gardner (1980). Lead King, Moses Austin. (St. Louis, MO: Sunrise Pub. Co., 249 p.). Austin, Moses, 1761-1821; Lead mines and mining--Southwest, Old--History; Pioneers--Texas--Biography; Businesspeople--Texas--Biography; Pioneers--Southwest, Old--Biography; Businesspeople--Southwest, Old--Biography; Texas--History--To 1846; Southwest, Old--History.

(Lead), David B. Gracy II; foreword by Mary Austin Perry Beretta (1987). Moses Austin: His Life. (San Antonio, TX: Trinity University Press, 303 p.). Austin, Moses, 1761-1821; Pioneers--Texas--Biography; Businesspeople--Texas--Biography; Pioneers--Southwest, Old--Biography; sinesspeople--Southwest, Old--Biography; Texas--History--To 1846; Southwest, Old--History. Father of lead industry.

(Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company), W. Julian Parton (1998). The Death of a Great Company: Reflections on the Decline and Fall of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. (Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 123 p. [2nd ed.]). Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company--History; Coal trade--Pennsylvania--History; Coal--Pennsylvania--History.

(Lilleshall Company - formed 1802), W.K.V. Gale & C.R. Nicholls (1979). The Lilleshall Company Limited: A History, 1764-1964. (Ashbourne, Derbyshire, UK: Published on behalf of the Lilleshall Company by Moorland Pub. Co., 134 p.). Lilleshall Company--History.

(London Lead Company), Arthur Raistrick (1988). Two Centuries of Industrial Welfare: The London (Quaker) Lead Company, 1692-1905. (London, UK: Kelsall & Davis, 172 p. [2nd rev. ed.]). London Lead Company -- History; Welfare work in industry -- Great Britain -- History; Great Britain Lead mining industries; London Lead Company Welfare services 1692-1905.

(Lonrho), Suzanne Cronje, Margaret Ling, and Gillian Cronjé (1976). Lonrho: Portrait of a Multinational. (London, UK: J. Friedmann, 316 p.). Lonrho (Firm).

(Lonrho), Richard Hall (1987). My Life with Tiny: Biography of Tiny Rowland. (London, UK: Faber and Faber, 250 p.). Rowland, Roland Walter "Tiny", 1917-; Lonhro; Businesspeople--Great Britain--Biography;. Rowland’s career from birth in centre for enemy aliens in India, through successes with Lonhro, unsuccessful fight for Harrods. 1962 - recruited to London and Rhodesian Mining and Land Company, later Lonrho; October 1993 - forced to step down as Chairman.

(Lonrho), Tom Bower (1993). Tiny Rowland: A Rebel Tycoon. (London, UK: Heinemann, 659 p.). Rowland, Tiny, 1917- ; Businesspeople--Great Britain--Biography; Millionaires--Great Britain--Biography; Mineral industries--Africa--History--20th century. 

(Lonrho), EIR investigative team (1993). Tiny Rowland: The Ugly Face of Neocolonialism in Africa. (Washington, DC: Executive Intelligence Review, 165 p.). Rowland, Tiny, 1917- ; Industrialists--Great Britain--Biography; Africa--Economic conditions--1960-. London and Rhodesian Mining and Land Company, later renamed Lonrho.

(Minerals), Harold Barger and Sam H. Schurr (1944). The Mining Industries, 1899-1939: A Study of Output, Employment, and Productivity. (New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research, 452 p.). Mineral industries -- United States -- History; Mining engineering -- United States -- History.

(Minerals), James E. Fell, Jr. (1979). Ores to Metals: The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry. (Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 341 p.). Mineral industries--Rocky Mountains Region--History; Smelting--History; Rocky Mountains Region--History.

(Minerals), C. Pardee Foulke and William G. Foulke (1979). Calvin Pardee, 1841-1923: His Family and His Enterprises. (Philadelphia, PA: Pardee Company, 415 p.). Pardee, Calvin, 1841-1923; Pardee family; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Mineral industries--United States--History.

(Minerals), Richard H. Peterson (1991). The Bonanza Kings: The Social Origins and Business Behavior of Western Mining Entrepreneurs, 1870-1900. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 191 p.). Mineral industries--West (U.S.)--Biography; Industrialists--United States--Biography; Mineral industries--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; West (U.S.)--Social conditions.

--- (1991). Bonanza Rich: Lifestyles of the Western Mining Entrepreneurs. (Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press, 192 p.; sequel to Bonanza Kings). Mineral industries--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; Industrialists--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; Millionaires--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; Wealth--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; West (U.S.)--Social conditions.

(Mount Isa Mines Ltd.), Geoffrey Blainey (1970). Mines in the Spinifex; The Story of Mount Isa Mines. (Sydney, AU: Angus and Robertson, 256 p.). Mount Isa Mines, ltd.

(Mount Isa Mines Ltd.), Donald A. Berkman (1996). Making the Mount Isa Mine, 1923-1933: The Discovery of the Giant Mount Isa Silver-Lead-Zinc Ore Deposit, the Formation of Mount Isa Mines Limited, and the Development of the Mine and Township. (Carlton, Vic.: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 161 p.). Mount Isa Mines, ltd.--History; Lead mines and mining--Australia--Mount Isa Region (Qld.)--History; Silver mines and mining--Australia--Mount Isa Region (Qld.)--History; Zinc mines and mining--Australia--Mount Isa Region (Qld.)--History.

(Newmont Mining), Robert H. Ramsey (1973). Men and Mines of Newmont; A Fifty-Year History. (New York, NY: Octagon Books, 344 p.). Newmont Mining Corporation.

(Nickel - Gap Nickel Mine), W. Ross Yates (1987). Joseph Wharton: Quaker Industrial Pioneer. (Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press, 413 p.). Wharton, Joseph, 1826-1909; Industrialists--United States--Biography; Quakers--United States--Biography; Industries--United States--History. Wharton was driving force in establishing the zinc and nickel metal industries in the U.S.

(Noranda Mines), Robert Leslie (1956). Noranda. (Toronto, ON: Clarke, Irwin, 223 p.). Noranda.

(Pacific Coast Borax Company), George H. Hildebrand (1982). Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith. (San Diego, CA: Howell-North Books, 318 p.). Smith, Francis Marion, 1846-1931; Pacific Coast Borax Company; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.

(Pacific Coast Borax Company), N.J. Travis and E.J. Cocks (1984). The Tincal Trail: A History of Borax. (London, UK: Harrap, 311 p.). Smith, Francis Marion, 1846-1931; Pacific Coast Borax Company; Borax mines and mining--History; Borax mines and mining--United States--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.

(Phelps Dodge), Robert Glass Cleland (1952). A History of Phelps Dodge, 1834-1950. (New York, NY: Knopf, 307 p.). Phelps Dodge Corporation.

(Phelps Dodge), Richard Lowitt (1954). A Merchant Prince of the Nineteenth Century, William E. Dodge. (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 384 p.). Dodge, William Earl, 1805-1883; Phelps, Dodge and Company. 

(Phelps Dodge), Phyllis B. Dodge; with a foreword by Arthur S. Link (1987). Tales of the Phelps-Dodge Family: A Chronicle of Five Generations. (New York, NY: New York Historical Society, 370 p.). Phelps family; Dodge family; New York (State)--Biography.

(Phelps Dodge), Carlos A. Schwantes (2000). Vision & Enterprise: Exploring the History of Phelps Dodge Corporation. (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 464 p.). Phelps Dodge Corporation--History; Metal trade--United States--History.

(Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company), Anthony Hocking (1986). Randfontein Estates: The First Hundred Years. (Bethulie, Orange Free State, South Africa: Hollards, 280 p.). Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company--History; Gold industry--South Africa--Witwatersrand--History; Gold mines and mining--South Africa--Witwatersrand--History.

(Rio Tinto Company), David Avery (1974). Not on Queen Victoria's Birthday; The Story of the Rio Tinto Mines. (London, UK: Collins, 464 p.). Rio Tinto Company; Copper mines and mining--Spain; Copper industry and trade--Great Britain.

(Rio Tinto Company), Charles E. Harvey (1981). The Rio Tinto Company: An Economic History of a Leading International Mining Concern, 1873-1954. (Penzance, Cornwall, UK: A. Hodge, 390 p.). Rio Tinto Company--History; Mineral industries--History; International business enterprises--History.

(Rio Tinto-Zinc), Richard West (1972). River of Tears: The Rise of the Rio Tinto-Zinc Mining Corporation. (London, UK: Earth Island Ltd., 201 p.). Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation.

(Roan Selection Trust), Sir Ronald Prain (1981). Reflections on an Era: Fifty Years of Mining in Changing Africa: The Autobiography of Sir Ronald Prain. (Worcester Park, Surrey, UK: Metal Bulletin Books, 262 p.). Prain, Ronald, Sir, 1907- ; Copper industry and trade--History--20th century; Mineral industries--History--20th century; Copper industry and trade--Africa--History--20th century; Mineral industries--Africa--History--20th century; Businesspeople--Great Britain--Biography.

(Alexander Russell PLC), John Pollock (1992). Alexander Russell PLC: The First Hundred Years. (Glasgow, Scotland: Alexander Russell PLC,, 106 p.). Alexander Russell PLC; Coal trade -- Scotland -- History; Coal Trades History Glasgow (Scotland).

(Saint John d'El Rey Mining), Marshall C. Eakin (1989). British Enterprise in Brazil: The St. John d'el Rey Mining Company and the Morro Velho Gold Mine, 1830-1960. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 334 p.). Saint John d'El Rey Mining Company--History; Gold industry--Brazil--Nova Lima--History; Investments, British--Brazil--Nova Lima--History; Corporations, British--Brazil--Nova Lima--History; Nova Lima (Brazil)--History.

(Silver), Oscar Lewis; new foreword by James J. Rawls (1986). Silver Kings: The Lives and Times of Mackay, Fair, Flood, and O’Brien, Lords of the Nevada Comstock Lode. (Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 286 p. [orig. pub. 1947]). Mackay, John William, 1831-1902; Fair, James Graham, 1831-1894; Flood, James Clair, 1826-1888; O’Brien, William Shoney, 1825 or 6-1878; Pioneers--Nevada--Biography; Mines and mineral resources--Nevada--History--19th century; Comstock Lode (Nev.); Nevada--Biography.

(Sonora Exploring and Mining Company), Diane M.T. North (1980). Samuel Peter Heintzelman and the Sonora Exploring and Mining Company. (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 248 p.). Heintzelman, Samuel Peter, 1805-1880; Sonora Exploring and Mining Company--History; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Industries--Arizona--History.

(Steel Brothers and Company), H. E. W. Braund (1975). Calling to Mind: Being Some Account of the First Hundred Years (1870 to 1970) of Steel Brothers and Company Limited. (New York, NY: Pergamon Press, 151 p.). Steel Brothers and Company; Commerce--History.

(Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag), Sven Rydberg  (1979). Stora Kopparberg: 1000 Years of an Industrial Activity. (Stockholm, Sweden: Gullers international, 93 p.). Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag--History; Mineral industries--Sweden--Stora Kopparberg--History.

--- (1985). En man for sig, Emil Lundqvist och Stora Kopparberg under Mellankrigstiden. (Stockholm, Sweden: Atlantis, 154 p.). Lundqvist, Emil, 1872-1942; Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag--History; Mineral industries--Sweden--Stora Kopparberg--History; Copper industry and trade--Sweden--History.

--- (1988). The Great Copper Mountain: The Stora Story. (Hedemora, Sweden: Published by Stora Kopparbergs bergslags AB in colloboration with Gidlunds Publishers, 244 p.). Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag--History; Mineral industries--Sweden--History; Copper industry and trade--Sweden--History.

(Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag), Sture Kristiansson (1993). Falu Kopparvag 1546-1873: Historiska Inblickar i en Institution och Livet Kring Denna. (Falun, Sweden: S. Kristiansson, 143 p.). Stora Kopparbergs bergslags aktiebolag--History; Mineral industries--Sweden--Stora Kopparberg--History.

(Stratton & Cripple Creek Mining and Development Company), Frank Waters (1937). Midas Of Rockies: Story Of Stratton & Cripple Creek. (Athens, OH: Swallow Press, 372 p.). Stratton & Cripple Creek Mining and Development Company.

(Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company), Don Woodard (1998). Black Diamonds! Black Gold!: The Saga of Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company. (Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press, 322 p.). Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company--History; Coal trade--Texas--Fort Worth--History; Coal mines and mining--Texas--Fort Worth--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Texas--Fort Worth--History; Businesspeople--Texas--Fort Worth--Biography.

(Tin), William Robertson (1982). Tin, Its Production and Marketing. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 212 p.). Tin industry. Series Contributions in economics and economic history.

(Turner & Newall), Geoffrey Tweedale, with additional research by Philip Hansen (2000). Magic Mineral to Killer Dust: Turner & Newall and the Asbestos Hazard. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 313 p.). Turner & Newall; Asbestos industry -- Health aspects -- Great Britain; Asbestos -- Toxicology. 

(Turner & Newall), P.W.J. Bartrip. (2001). The Way from Dusty Death: Turner and Newall and the Regulation of Occupational Health in the British Asbestos Industry, 1890s-1970. (New York, NY: Athlone Press, 386 p.). Turner & Newall; Asbestos industry -- Health aspects -- Great Britain; Asbestos -- Toxicology; Industrial hygiene -- Law and legislation -- Great Britain.

(Uranium), Raye C. Ringholz (1989). Uranium Frenzy: Boom and Bust on the Colorado Plateau. (New York, NY: Norton, 310 p.). Uranium industry--Colorado Plateau--History.

--- (2002). Uranium Frenzy: Saga of the Nuclear West. (Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, p.). Uranium industry--Four Corners Region--History. 

(Utah International), Sterling D. Sessions and Gene A. Sessions (2005). A History of Utah International: From Construction to Mining. (Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 256 p.). Utah Construction Company--History; Utah Construction & Mining Co.--History; Utah International Inc.--History; Construction industry--United States; Mining industry--United States. Company transformed into the largest and most profitable mining company in the United States.

(Vivian and Sons), Robert R. Toomey (1985). Vivian and Sons, 1809-1924: A Study of the Firm in the Copper and Related Industries. (New York, NY: Garland, 427 p.). Vivian and Sons (Firm)--History; Copper industry and trade--Great Britain--History; Nonferrous metal industries--Great Britain--History.

Thomas Dublin and Walter Licht (2005). The Face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in the Twentieth Century. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,, 277 p.). Professor of History, Binghamton University (State University of New York); Professor of History (University of Pennsylvania). Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--20th century; Coal miners--Pennsylvania--History--20th century; Pennsylvania--Economic conditions--20th century. Impact of enduring economic decline across wide region, especially mining communities in the Panther Valley.

John Gillingham (1985). Industry and Politics in the Third Reich: Ruhr Coal, Hitler, and Europe. (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 183 p.). Industrial mobilization--Germany--History--20th century; Coal trade--Germany--Ruhr (Region)--Military aspects--History--20th century.

Harlan Henthorne Hatcher (1950). A Century of Iron and Men. (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 295 p.). Iron mines and mining -- United States.

Donat Marc Le Bourdais (1957). Metals and Men; The Story of Canadian Mining. (Toronto, ON: McClelland & Stewart, 416 p.). Mines and mineral resources--Canada--History; Mining industry and finance--Canada.

Melanie J. Mayer & Robert N. DeArmond (2000). Staking Her Claim: The Life of Belinda Mulrooney, Klondike and Alaska Entrepreneur. (Athens, OH: Swallow Press/Ohio University Press, 415 p.). Mulrooney, Belinda, 1872-1967; Klondike River Valley (Yukon) -- Gold discoveries; Alaska -- Gold discoveries; Women pioneers -- Yukon Territory -- Klondike River Valley -- Biography; Women pioneers -- Alaska -- Biography; Businesswomen -- Yukon Territory -- Klondike River Valley -- Biography; Businesswomen -- Alaska -- Biography; Frontier and pioneer life -- Yukon Territory -- Klondike River Valley; Frontier and pioneer life -- Alaska.

Steven F. Mehls (1989). David H. Moffat, Jr.: Early Colorado Business Leader. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 366 p.). Moffat, David H. (David Halliday), 1839-1911; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Railroads--Colorado--History; Mineral industries--Colorado--History; Banks and banking--Colorado--History.

Eds. Laurie Mercier and Jaclyn Gier (2006). Mining Women: Gender in the Development of a Global Industry, 1670 to 2000. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 368 p.). Associate Professor of History (Washington State University); Director of European Studies and Associate Professor of History in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Women miners--History; Mineral industries--History. Authors illuminate how gender identities and inequality have been constructed historically and sustained in mining.

Jeremy Mouat (2000). Metal Mining in Canada, 1840-1950. (Ottawa, QU: National Museum of Science and Technology, 125 p.). Mines and mineral resources--Canada--History--19th century; Mines and mineral resources--Canada--History--20th century; Ores--Canada; Mineral industries--Canada--History--19th century; Mineral industries--Canada--History--20th century.

H. Lee Scamehorn (1995). Albert Eugene Reynolds: Colorado's Mining King. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 308 p.). Reynolds, Albert Eugene, 1840-1921; Pioneers--Colorado--Biography; Businesspeople--Colorado--Biography; Silver mines and mining--Colorado--History; Gold mines and mining--Colorado--History; Colorado--Biography.

Clark C. Spence (2000). British Investments and the American Mining Frontier, 1860-1901. (New York, NY: Routledge, 288 p. [orig. pub. 1958]). Mineral industries--West (U.S.)--Foreign ownership--History--19th century; Corporations, British--West (U.S.)--History--19th century; Investments, British--West (U.S.)--History--19th century.

June H. Taylor, Michael D. Yokell (1979). Yellowcake: The International Uranium Cartel. (New York, NY: Pergamon Press, 245 p.). Uranium industry; Cartels; Uranium industry--United States.

Geoffrey Wheatcroft (1986). The Randlords: The Exploits and Exploitations of South Africa's Mining Magnates. (New York, NY: Atheneum, 314 p.). Gold industry--South Africa--History--19th century; Diamond industry and trade--South Africa--History--19th century; Capitalists and financiers--South Africa--History--19th century; South Africa--Economic conditions--To 1918.

Robert Wilson (2006). The Explorer King: Adventure, Science, and the Great Diamond Hoax, Clarence King in the Old West. (New York, NY: Scribner, 320 p.). Editor (American Scholar). King, Clarence, 1842-1901; Geologists--United States--Biography; West (U.S.)--Intellectual life. Collision of science and business. Portrait of Clarence King, first director of the United States Geological Survey; groundbreaking land survey of the American West.

________________________________________________________

Business History Links

Bibliography of North American Mining History                                      Http://Www.Ex.Ac.Uk/~Rburt/Minhistnet/Bibusa.Html 

The California Gold Country: Highway 49 Revisited                            http://www.malakoff.com/goldcountry/

Coal Mining, Mine Fires, and the Molly Maguires                                            http://www.columbiapa.org/county/historical/molly_maguires.html                A fascinating directory of sites detailing the history of the secret society of immigrant Irish coal miners in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. With links to books, articles, lyrics, photos, the trials, descendants, and the archives of the Pinkerton detective agency. Subjects: Coal mines and mining...

Country Mine                                                                 http://www.infomine.com/countries/                                                    Provides information on the world mining industry, organized by country. Country profiles feature news, links to maps and related Web sites, and information about the country's mining activities. Job listings are undated. Some documents accessible only to paid subscribers. From InfoMine, a mining industry information services company. Subjects: Mineral industries; Mines and mineral resources.

Gold Rush                                                                            http://www.calgoldrush.com                                                             Compilation of stories and related material to honor the sesquicentennial of the discovery of gold in northern California in 1848. Includes information about how gold was discovered, maps about how miners traveled to California by land and sea, details about life in mining camps, some types of people during the Gold Rush era (such as Latinos, black miners, Chinese workers, and women), the legacy of the Gold Rush, and more. From The Sacramento Bee.

The Gold Rush                                                                http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldrush/                                          Companion to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) American Experience program that "tracks the evolution of the [California] Gold Rush from the easy riches of the first few months to the fierce competition for a few good claims." Features a map with major "strikes," timeline, background about people (such as Mexicans and Chinese immigrants) and events, a special feature on Native Americans, and an online role playing game. Also includes a teacher's guide.

The Gold Rush of California: A Bibliography of Periodical Articles                  http://wwwlibrary.csustan.edu/bsantos/goldrush/GoldTOC.htm                   By Robert LeRoy Santos, California State University, Stanislaus Librarian, University Archivist. This bibliography consists primarily of articles from scholarly journals and local history periodicals. There are no magazine articles per se, except for those written last century and early this century which have been included to give a sense of the historical treatment of the topic. This compiler sifted through every issue of the listed periodicals looking for articles "surrounding" the California Gold Rush. Included are articles directly on the Gold Rush, and also on relevant California topics of the era, such as law, mail service, politics, law, race relations, transportation, water, and others. The articles cover events from January 1848 through December 1855 which is generally acknowledged as the "Gold Rush moment." After 1855, California gold mining changed and is outside the "rush" era.

The Goldrush and Mining Industry                                                 http://www.bookmine.com/inventory/inventory.html                              Gold Rush Books. Mining in the West, Prospecting, Assaying, Booms and Busts.  

Gold Rush Chronicles                                                                      http://comspark.com/goldminer-mall/chronicles                                    History of the California Gold Rush, including a chronology beginning when Swiss-born John Sutter arrived in the California territory and covering the 1848 discovery of gold by James Marshall and California's admission to the United States in 1850. Features information about towns, mines and mining camps, people, the Pony Express, and more. From a company in the gold country that created a website for El Dorado County, California.

The Gold Rush Trail                                                                       http://www.sfgate.com/news/special/pages/1998/08/goldtrail/arcbin/ arcdex_0731.shtml                                                                      Collection of articles about a "month-long trek [in 1998] across the West retracing the steps of the emigrants along the Gold Rush Trail." Features maps, photos, and stories about the overland trail to California and the trails used by miners following the January 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in California. From the website for the San Francisco Chronicle.

Iron Ore Statistics and Information                                                         http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/iron_ore/                     Statistical publications on iron ore, "a mineral substance which, when heated in the presence of a reductant, will yield metallic iron (Fe). ... Iron ore is the source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries." Includes links to statistics about iron and steel scrap (recycled into new steel and cast-iron products) and slag (nonmetallic byproducts of iron and steel manufacturing). From the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Ironworld                                                                               http://www.ironworld.com/                                                                Largest museum complex in the region. We're dedicated to collecting, preserving and interpreting the history of Minnesota's Iron Ranges; permanent and traveling exhibits about Iron Range history, including interactive displays that help explain and explore taconite mining and the people who worked in the region's mines.

Klondike Gold Rush Historical Database                                 http://historylink.org/klondike/                                                        "This database contains photographs, newspaper clippings, documents, contemporary Seattle business names and locations, vessel sailing dates and passenger lists related to the 1897-1898 Klondike Gold Rush, which Seattle served as a major gateway for supplies and prospectors." Also includes materials about individuals from this period. Prepared and maintained by the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Seattle and hosted by HistoryLink.org.

Klondike Gold Rush [National Historical Park] -- Seattle Unit     http://www.nps.gov/klse/                                                             Website for this national park that commemorates the impact of the "tens of thousands of people from across the United States and around the world [who] descended upon Seattle's commercial district" in 1897 and 1898 on their way to the Canadian Klondike. Includes details about activities, a curriculum guide (for grades 3-6), and news, such as the opening of the new visitor center in June 2006. From the National Park Service (NPS).

The National Mining Hall of Fame & Museum                                     http://www.leadville.com/miningmuseum/                                          Incorporated in Colorado in 1977, the only national mining museum with a federal charter, which was passed in a joint resolution (S.J.Res.192) of the second session of the 100th Congress of the United States of America and approved by President Ronald Reagan on November 14, 1988. Helps the visitor begin to understand and appreciate the rich heritage and excitement of the American mining industry.

Sixty Centuries of Copper                                           Http://60centuries.Copper.Org/                                                          The full text of a book covering "the general history of copper mining, the development of metal-working processes and the uses of copper through the past six thousand years." Published in 1965 by the Copper Development Association, United Kingdom.

United Mine Workers of America (UMWA): A Brief History of the UMWA  http://www.umwa.org/history/hist1.shtml                                     Historical account of labor union for coal miners founded in 1890. Includes discussion of specific events in UMWA history (such as the Ludlow and Lattimer massacres), profiles of UMWA presidents, and a gallery of portraits of John L. Lewis (UMWA president from 1920-1960). From the national website for the UMWA.