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Madame
Tussaud - wax museum
(http://images.npg.org.uk/OCimg/ weblg/3/4/mw06434.jpg)
Phineas
Taylor (P. T.) Barnum
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Barnum-Phineas_01.jpg/180px-Barnum-Phineas_01.jpg)
April 8, 1891 Obituary: http://www.nytimes.com/
learning/ general/onthisday/ bday/0705.html
James A.
Bailey (http://www.ringling.com/
images/explore/bailey/ bailey_1_r1.gif)
Karl Elsener
- Swiss Army Knife
(http://www.victorinoxswissarmy.com/
images/content/page228/elsener.gif)
George W. Ferris
- Ferris Wheel (http://www.irish-cream.com/ferris[1].gif)
William Coffin
(W. C.) Coleman - Coleman lanterns
(http://www.coleman.com/coleman/ images/wc_coleman.jpg)
Fred W. Swanton
- Santa Cruz Beach Co. - Boardwalk
(http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/
extra/century/04/00swanton.gif)
Ole Evinrude
- Evinrude Outboard Motors
(http://www.tecsoc.org/ pubs/history/pics/evinrude.jpg)
John Brunswick
- Brunswick Corporation
George Eastman
(http://www.kodak.com/US/images/ en/corp/
researchDevelopment/georgeEastman. jpg)
Edwin H. Land
(http://www.polaroid.com/studio/ exhibit/50yrs/images/land.jpg)
Sir Frank
Bowden - Raleigh Bicycle Company
(http://www.raleigh.co.uk/knowledge/
history/media/hist_side_02.jpg)
 
Ringling
Brothers (http://www.ringling.com/images/
explore/bailey/bailey_1_r3.gif)
Ignaz Schwinn
(http://www.sterba-kola.cz/sterba/news/
schwinn101203.jpg)
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LEISURE -
Business History of Companies
Interesting Dates
1759 - Belgian
Joseph Merlin invented earliest known type of roller skate, two large
wheels on each skate.
January 9, 1768 - Englishman Philip Astley, former cavalry
sergeant major, stages first modern circus in London; found that if
he galloped in a tight circle, centrifugal force allowed him to perform
seemingly impossible feats on a horse's back invited the public to see
him wave his sword in the air while he rode with one foot on the saddle
and one on the horse's head. Astley's trick riding received such a
favorable response that he soon hired other equestrians, a clown, and
musicians; 1770 - built a roof over his ring and
called the structure Astley's Amphitheatre; "circus" = after the Roman
name for the circular theaters where chariot races were held; eventually
established 18 other circuses in cities across Europe; 1792
- English equestrian John Bill Ricketts opened the first American circus
in Philadelphia and later opened others in New York City and Boston;
1859 - The Cirque Napoleon in Paris offered the first "flying
trapeze" act; 1871 - William Cameron Coup and showman P.T.
Barnum opened an enormous circus in Brooklyn that they dubbed "The
Greatest Show on Earth"; 1881 - Barnum went into business
with James Anthony Bailey; the "Barnum and Bailey" circuses were so
large they required simultaneous performances in three rings; 1884
- five Ringling brothers staged their first circus; 1907 -
bought Barnum and Bailey circus company = Ringling Brothers and Barnum &
Bailey.
1770 - First exhibition of waxworks of Dr. Philippe
Curtius shown in Paris; 1776 -moved to Palais Royal in
Paris; 1778 -
Madame Tussaud (born Marie Groszholtz in Strasbourg, France), who
learned wax modelling as housekeeper for Dr. Curtius, created her first
wax figure of Jean-Jacques Rousseau; 1789
- forced by leading members of French Revolution to hunt through piles
of heads cut off by guillotine to make copies (‘deathmasks’) of people
who were former friends, employers; 1794 -
Curtius collection
inherited by Madame Tussaud; 1802 - brought collection
England; toured Great Britain, Ireland for next 33 years; 1835
- established first permanent exhibition on Baker Street in London;
1970 - opened in Amsterdam (first to open outside London);
1978 - acquired by S. Pearson and Son (now Pearson plc);
1998 - acquired by Charterhouse Development Capital; July
1999 - Madame Tussaud`s Las Vegas opened; November 2000
- Madame Tussaud`s New York opened; 2005 - acquired by
Dubai International Capital (government-backed private equity firm) for
£800 million; March 5, 2007 - agreed to be acquired by
Blackstone Group for £1 billion.
April 22, 1793 - President Washington attended opening of Rickett's, first circus in U.S.; April 3, 1793 - John Bill
Rickets, an English equestrian rider, opened circus in Philadelphia;
used a ring, added acrobats, a rope walker and a clown to his equestrian
act.
December 13, 1816 - John Adamson, of Boston, MA,
received first U.S. patent for a "Floating Dry
Dock"; dry docking and repair of canal boats.
February 17, 1818 - Baron Karl von Drais de
Sauerbrun received a patent for the "draisine", the forerunner of
the bicycle; first commercially successful two-wheeled, steerable,
human-propelled walking machine.
May 21, 1819 - First bicycle in U.S.,
velocipedes or "swift
walkers",
seen in New York City; August 19, 1819 - city's Common
Council passed law to "prevent the use of velocipedes in the public
places and on the sidewalks of the city of New York."
June 26, 1819 - William K. Clarkson Jr., of New York, received first US patent for a
"Velocipede", predecessor of the bicycle (patent record destroyed in 1836 fire).
April 22, 1823 - Robert John Tyers, a fruiterer in
Picadilly, London, received a patent for Volitos, an "apparatus to be
attached to boots ... for the purpose of travelling or pleasure";
roller skates;
used
5 small cast iron or copper wheels aligned. 1760 - first
use of roller skates is believed to be by Joseph Merlin in Belgium.
June 14, 1834 - Leonard Norcross, of Dixfield, ME,
received a patent for "Diving Armor"; underwater diving suit; airtight
leather outfit with brass helmet connected via rubber hose to air
bellows pump on a boat.
June 3, 1835 - PT Barnum's circus started first tour
of the United States.
1838 - Daguerre produced photographs using silver
salts.
January 9, 1839 - The daguerrotype photo process
was announced at the French Academy of Science;
August 19, 1839 - Louis Daguerre announced the invention
of the daguerreotype photographic process, the first process to allow an
image to be chemically fixed as a permanent picture.
March 14, 1839 - Sir John Herschel referred to
"photography" in a lecture to the Royal Society—possibly the first use
of the word; Herschel used the name Chrysotype (from the Greek word for
gold) for his process: 1) used paper washed in a solution of ammonio-citrate
of iron, 2) solution of soda or chloride of gold, or with nitrate of
silver brought out the image, 3) fixed it in the first case by washing
it with iodide of potassium and in the second, with hyposulphite of
soda; had technical difficulties in controlling the contrast, color and
fogging of the image;
September 9, 1839 - John Herschel made the first glass
plate photograph.
August 19, 1839 - Louis Daguerre announced invention of
the daguerreotype photographic process, first process to allow an image
to be chemically fixed as a permanent picture.
September 9, 1839 - John Herschel took first glass
plate photograph of 40-foot, 48" aperture telescope, used by his father,
in Slough, England.
December 18, 1839 - John William Draper, professor of
chemistry at New York University, took daguerreotype of moon, first celestial photograph made in U.S.; exposed plate for 20
minutes using a 5-inch telescope, produced an image one inch in
diameter.
May 8, 1840 - Alexander S. Wolcott, of New York City,
received a patent for a "Method of Taking Likenesses by Means
of a Conclave Reflector and Plates So Prepared as That Luminous or Other
Rays Will Act Thereon"; produced photographs 1.75 x 2.5 inches in
size, not reversed as were daguerrotype which used refracting lenses.
November 19, 1850 -
Frederick Langenheim, of
Philadelphia, PA, received a patent for an "Improvement in
Photographic Pictures on Glass"; slides made of glass plate.
May 21, 1853 - Aquatic Vivarium, world's first public
aquarium, opened in Regent's Park, London; inspiration of
Philip Henry Gosse.
English self-taught naturalist, wrote popular illustrated books on
nature, especially marine biology; invented institutional aquarium.
February 19, 1856 -
Hamilton L. Smith, of
Gambier, OH, received a patent for "Photographic Pictures on
Japanned Surfaces"; tintype (thin
sheet of iron was used to provide a base for light-sensitive material,
yielded a positive image) photographic picture process; described
preparation of the black varnish, its application and baking as the
japanned surface.
October 13, 1860 - James Wallace Black, in balloon held by a cable 1,200 feet above
city, took first
successful aerial photograph in U.S.; one good photograph resulted -
Boston as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It; 1858 -
French author and artist
Felix Tournachon took the first aerial photograph from a balloon
tethered over the Bievre Valley (his work is lost.).
January 6, 1863 -
James L. Plimpton, of New
York, received a patent for a "Parlor Skate"; four-wheeled roller
skates, pivoting action dampened by a rubber cushion which permitted the
roller skate wheels to curve. This allowed skaters to turn simply by
leaning their weight in the direction they wanted to travel; 1866 -
opened first public roller skating rink at the Atlantic House resort
hotel in Newport, RI.
November 1863 - David Bachrach (18) hired By Harper's
Bazaar to photograph President Abraham Lincoln delivering the Gettysburg
Address; 1868 - opened photography studio in Baltimore,
MD; 1920s - Louis Fabian Bachrach (son) took over;
1940s = Bradford, Fabian (grandsons) joined business;
1950s - entered wedding photography market; 1980 - Louis,
Robert (great-grandsons) joined business; Robert - current president.
October 10, 1865 - John Wesley Hyatt, of Albany,
NY, received a patent for a "Billiard Ball"; celluloid billiard ball (of a composition material
resembling ivory); won $10,000 prize offered by Phelan
and Collender of New York City for the best substitute for an ivory
ball.
January 16, 1866 - Everett Hosmer Barney, of Springfield,
MA, received a patent for a "Skate" ("certain improvements in the
manner of constructing skates made wholly of steel and iron"); all-metal
screw clamp skates; attached to normal shoes,
tightened with a key; lost popularity with the advent of modern athletic
shoes which lacked a hard edge where the roller skates could be clamped.
November 20, 1866 -
Pierre Lallement, of
Paris, France, received patent for a "Velocipede"
('fast foot'); rotary cranks and pedals applied directly to front wheel
(vs. hobby horse bicycle that had to be pushed with the feet); soon came
to be known as "the bone shaker" - made of stiff materials, straight
angles and steel wheels, it gave a stiff ride over the cobblestone
roads.
April 6, 1869 - Isaac Hodgson, of Indianapolis, IN,
received a patent for a "Parlor Skate" ("relates principally to mode of
operation of the forward wheel-frame...attaching wheel-frame to the sole
of the shoe"); roller skate.
October 5, 1869 -
Fisher A. Spofford and Matthew G.
Raffington, of Columbus, OH, received first U.S. patent for a
"Paddle Wheel" ("Improvement in Water Velocipedes"); water bicycle.
July 25, 1871 - Wilhelm Schneider, of Davenport, Iowa
received a patent for a "Carousel" (a "new and Improved Carousel"); described as two-story "'carrousel' or rotary pavillion used in public parks or other
places of amusement."
May 17, 1872 - Bohemian Club incorporated.
1873 - Rokusaburo Sugiura, pharmacist, began selling
photographic, lithographic materials at Konishiya Rokubeiten in
Kojimachi, Tokyo; 1903 - marketed "Cherry Hand Camera,"
Japan's first brand name camera; 1943 - renamed
Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.; 1948 - introduced
Konica I, first Konica-brand 35mm camera; March 16, 1954 -
Rayelle Foreign Trade Service registered "Konica" trademark first used
January 12, 1950 (cameras and camera cases, flash-guns, filters, and
lens-hoods); 1956 - established Koniphoto Corporation,
first American subsidiary, in Philadelphia; 1971 -
launched Japan’s first plain paper photocopier, developed dominant
position in high-speed, high quality document management systems,
imaging products; 2000 - established Konica Minolta
Supplies Manufacturing Co., Ltd., joint venture for production of
polymerized toners; August 2003 - established holding
company Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.; January 2006 -
withdrew from camera, photo business.
July 1, 1874 - First zoo in United States opened,
in Philadelphia, PA, on grounds of Solitude, last estate in area to be owned by Penn family; 1859
- originally chartered by Pennsylvania state legislature as Zoological
Society of Philadelphia whose core purpose was to oversee "the purchase
and collection of living wild and other animals" and "for the
instruction and recreation of the people."
November 18, 1876 - James
Starley, former foreman of Coventry Sewing Machine Company, introduced
Coventry Lever Tricycle,
side-driven two-track, lever-driven machine;
first successfully mass-produced tricycle; first sold for £15.
1878 - Albert A. Pope contracted with Weed Sewing
machine Company (Hartford, CT) to produce 50 high-wheeler bicycles to be
sold under name “Columbia”, priced at $95; 1881 - acquired
minority control of Weed; @1891 - acquired full control;
became first American bicycle manufacturer.
1879 - George Eastman invented an emulsion-coating
machine, enabled him to mass-produce photographic dry plates;
April 1880 - leased third floor of building on State Street in
Rochester, NY, began to manufacture dry plates for sale; April 3,
1880 - received a patent for a "Method and Apparatus for Coating
Plates for Use in Photography"; plate-coating machine; January
1, 1881 - George Eastman and Henry A. Strong (family friend,
buggy-whip manufacturer) formed a partnership known as the Eastman Dry
Plate Company; 1883 - introduced film in rolls (roll
holder adaptable to nearly every plate camera on market); 1884
- name changed to Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company; business changed
from partnership to $200,000 corporation with 14 shareowners; 1888
- name Kodak created, birth of snapshot photography; 1889
- Eastman Company formed; 1892 - company became Eastman
Kodak Company of New York; 1896 - 100,000th KODAK camera
manufactured; 1900 - first in ong line of popular BROWNIE
cameras introduced (sold for $1, used film that sold for 15 cents a
roll) ; 1901 - Eastman Kodak Company of New Jersey formed
(present parent company).
1880 - P. T. Barnum bought out his prime rival, the
London Circus and International Allied Shows owned by James E. Cooper,
James Anthony Bailey (changed his name from McGinnis at age 14) and
James L. Hutchinson (owned first elephant born in captivity in
the United States);
1881 - P. T. Barnum, James A. Bailey, James L.
Hutchinson combined their circuses to form Barnum and London
("P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth And The
Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand
International Allied Shows United"); presented three-ring format in New
York City; 1887 - Hutchinson, age 41, retired from
the circus, bought out by Barnum and Bailey for $650,000;
1888 - known as Barnum and Bailey's "Greatest Show on Earth"
October 11, 1881 - David H. Houston, of Cambria, WI,
received a patent for a "Photographic Apparatus" ("to facilitate taking
a number of photographic views successively and in a short time"); roll film for cameras; 1879 - designed portable
camera suited to everyday person vs. professionals (received royalties
for it of about $5000 monthly for life); 1881 - George
Eastman bought the patent, sold Houston-designed camera for $25 (loaded
with a 100-exposure film which Houston would process and reload for
$10); Eastman bought 21 patents on cameras from him.
1883 - Francis E. (F. E.) and Freelan O. (F. O.) Stanley
(of Stanley Steamer fame) invented photographic dry-plate process,
formed Stanley Dry Plate Company to manufacture plates; July 13,
1886 - Stanleys, of Lewiston, ME and Auburn, ME, received a
patent for a "Machine for Manufacturing Photographic Dry-Plates"
("called a Coating-Machine"); 1903 - sold company to
Eastman Kodak; focused on automobile production.
1884 - "Father of the Gravity Ride" opened a 600-ft
roller-coaster at Coney Island at 6-mph maximum (recouped $1,600
investment in only three weeks);
December 22, 1885
- La Marcus Adna Thompson, of Philadelphia, PA, received patent for a
"Gravity Switch Back Railway"; switch automatically allowed car to
return on second track.
1884 - Karl (24) and Victoria Elsener founded factory to
make cutlery in small village of Ibach near Swiss Alps; 1891
-organized Swiss Cutlery Guild of 37 craftsmen to make Swiss-made knives
for Swiss army; October 1891 - obtained Swiss Army
contract to supply "Soldier’s Knife" (blade, screwdriver, can opener,
hole punch); added small, sharp "erasing" blade for scraping off
mistakes in paperwork handwritten by pen and corkscrew for officers'
dining and socializing; two springs, six blades; officially named
"Offiziersmesser" (Officer Knife); June 12, 1897 - design
legally registered for trademark protection; January 31, 1903
- received a German patent for a "Klingentaschenwerkzeug" ('blade
pockets tool"); 1909 - Swiss cross added to red knife
handles; company named New company name "Victoria" (Karl Elsener's
mother's name); 1921 - name changed to "Victorinox" AG
(Stainless steel, "inox"); 2002 - sole shareholder of
Swiss Army Brands Inc., USA; April 26, 2005 - took over
Wenger SA, knife producer since 1893, also supplier of Swiss Army knife
(to strengthen product "Swiss Army Knife", to guarantee that production
continues solely in Switzerland).
May 19, 1884 - The Ringling Brothers Circus first
performed.
June 16, 1884 - La Marcus Thompson, of
South Chicago, IL,
inventor of Thompson
Switchback Railway, first gravity-powered American roller coaster that
was commercially successful, put it in operation at Coney Island, NY;
passengers rode a train on undulating tracks over a wooden structure
600-ft long; admission was 5 cents; grossed an average of $600 / day; January
20, 1885 - received a patent for a "Roller Coasting Structure"
("an improved coasting structure to be used as a means of pleasure and
amusement");
1888 - built about 50 more across the U.S. and in Europe.
October 14, 1884 - George Eastman, of
Rochester NY, received a patent for "Photographic Film" ("having
for their object the production for the market of sensitized films,
which are capable of being used in making positives and negatives in
place of the sheets of glass coated with emulsion, now known in the
trade as dry-plates"); EASTMAN American Film - first transparent
paper-strip photographic film; May 5, 1885 - George
Eastman and William Walker, of Rochester, NY, received patent for a
"Photographic Film Holder" ("improvements in holders or means of
supporting photographic films during exposure in the camera"); device
advanced film for cameras to which it was attached; assigned to Eastman
Dry Plate and Film Company.
December 9, 1884 - Levant M. Richardson, of Richardson Skate Company, Chicago, IL, received first U.S. patent for
"Roller-Skate" ("to improve the bearings for the rollers with which such
skates are provided"); ball-bearing roller skates.
1885 - John
Kemp Starley constructed the Rover Safety Bicycle; an immediate
success.; rear-wheel drive, chain driven cycle, both wheels were
the same size with the rider positioned between them with the pedals
directly below; front forks and steering column were sloped back from
the front hub so the rider could reach the handlebars easily;
1889 - company became J. K. Starley & Co. Ltd.;
late 1890's - became the the Rover Cycle Company Ltd.
March 26, 1885
-
Eastman Dry Plate and
Film Co., of Rochester, NY, manufactured first commercial motion picture
film (produced in continuous strips on reels).
1887 - Sir
Frank Bowden purchased an interest in a small bicycle company on Raleigh
Street, Nottingham; 1890 - Raleigh Bicycle Company
formed; 1896 - company built the largest cycle factory in
the world; 1933 - introduced to the US market.
September 4, 1888 - George Eastman received a patent for a
"Camera" ("that class of photographic apparatus known as 'detective
cameras'...invention consists in the novel and improved form,
construction and arrangement of parts constituting the case or body, the
lens-support and shutter, and the film-holder"); roll film camera;
December 2, 1890 - Eastman received
a patent for "Photographic Film".
April 6, 1889 - George
Eastman placed
Kodak Camera on sale.
December 10, 1889 - H. M.
Reichenbach, of Rochester, NY, received a patent for the "Manufacture of
Flexible Photographic Films"; assigned to Eastman Dry Plate and Film
Company.
December 24, 1889 -
Daniel C. Stover and William
A. Hance,
of Freeport, IL, received a patent for a "Bicycle"; with
back-pedal brake; assigned to Stover Bicycle Manufacturing Company.
March 15, 1892
- Jesse W. Reno, of New York, received a patent on an "Endless
Conveyor or Elevator", "to provide a mechanical incline or
slide-conveyor to be used in place of elevators or stairways where large
numbers of persons are to be transferred from one floor or level to
another, either upward or downward"; first escalator; September 1895
- introduced as new novelty ride at Coney Island, moved passengers on
conveyor belt at angle of 25 degrees.
June 21, 1893 -
George Washington Ferris,
Pittsburgh bridge builder, invented
Ferris wheel; premiered at Chicago's Columbian Exposition, America's
third world's fair; each of the 36 cars carried 60 passengers, made full
passenger load of 150 tons; used a web of taut cables, like bicycle
wheel, supported by two 140 foot steel towers; 45 foot axle was largest
single piece of forged steel at time in world; highest point of wheel
was 264 feet; wheel and cars weighed 2100 tons, another 2200 tons of
associated levers and machinery; cost of $300,00; 20 minute round-trip
ride.
December 12, 1893 - Cornele
B. Adams of Augusta, GA, received first U.S. patent for a "Method of
Photogrammetry"; aerial photographs taken automatically at a
predetermined height from an unmanned stationary balloon on a tether
rope at each end of a measured base line on the land (could produce a
topographic map by means of photos of the same tract taken from
different points).
April 16, 1895 - Black American inventor, Clatonia J. Dorticus,
of Newton, NJ, received patent for a "Machine for Embossing
Photographs"; April 23, 1895 - received a patent for
a "Photographic Print Washer" ("in which photographic
bromid and platinotype or gelatin negatives can be successfully washed,
to effect the elimination of sodium hyposulfite and other chemicals from
the prints or negatives in a short time").
May 27, 1895 - British inventor Birt Acres received
patent for a Kineopticon,
film camera/projector;
kinetic camera with appliance for loop folding; first British 35 mm moving picture camera.
October 22, 1895 - Ignaz Schwinn, Adolph Arnold
incorporated "Arnold, Schwinn & Company" in Chicago; 1908
- Schwinn bought out Arnold, became sole owner; January 1, 1967
- renamed Schwinn Bicycle Company;
1993 - filed for bankruptcy; September 11, 2001
- Pacific Cycle, Inc, (Madison, WI) acquired Schwinn, GT brands in
Denver bankruptcy court; 2004 - Pacific Cycle, acquired by
Dorel Industries Inc.
November 26, 1895 - Russell S. Peniman, of Dover, NJ,
received a patent for "Transparent Photographic Film".
August 16, 1898 - Edwin Prescott, of
Arlington, MA, received a patent for a "Roller Coaster" ("presents
parallel tracks laid with steep gradients and containing a
circularly-arranged vertical loop or loops"); loop-de-loop Roller
Coaster; 1901 - built at West 10th Avenue, Coney Island.
September 13, 1898 - Hannibal Goodwin, of Newark, NJ,
received a patent for a "Photographic Pellicle and Process of Producing
Same"; celluloid photographic film; September 2, 1889 -
sold one roll at $2.50 to Thomas Alva Edison.
May 30, 1899 - George Cook, of Louisville, KY, received a
patent for an "Automatic Fishing Device"; trip lever, activated by
tension on fishing line, released spring-loaded carriage containing
spring-driven reel which took up line.
June 13, 1899 - Thomas W. Griffin, of Milford, CT,
received a patent for a "Pool-Table Attachment" ("to provide a raceway
that may be readily applied to tables...for the purpose of directing
balls from any of the table-pockets into a receiver at one end of the
table, thus making it unnecessary for a person to walk around the table
to take balls from the several pockets...to arrange the ball-receiver
that it may be raised from its receiving positions, nearly to the top of
the plane of the table, so that a person need not stoop or bend over in
order to remove the balls for the purpose of placing them in a rack or
upon the table").
June 20, 1899 - Black American inventor Wesley Johnson
received a patent for a "Velocipede"; innovation claimed was to use two
wheels separated by four to six inches in the front fork, and two wheels
in similar fashion at the back to give better stability and safety,
especially for those first learning to balance and ride a bicycle, the
timid, elderly or the invalid; corners could be turned on slippery
ground with better stability.
October 10, 1899 - Black inventor Isaac R. Johnson, of New
York, NY, received a patent for a "Bicycle Frame" ("can be made
separable or dismountable so that it can be compactly stored").
December 19, 1899 - Black American inventor, Granville T.
Woods, of New York, NY, received a patent for an "Amusement Apparatus";
small scale or large scale electrically-driven cars on a closed track,
such as a figure-8 layout.
January 8, 1900 - William Coffin (W. C.) Coleman
established Hydro-Carbon Light Company; one-man light utility;
1902 - 300 lamps in service; 1903 - changed
product name to Coleman® Arc Lamp; 1905 - began
manufacturing lamps at small factory in Wichita, KS; 1909
- introduced portable table lamp (became staple in rural homes);
produced 120; 1912 - changed company name to Coleman Lamp
Company; 1913 - began manufacturing lanterns; 1914
- introduced 300 candlepower lantern, could light far corners of barn,
provided good light in every direction for 100 yards; 1920
- produced 50,000 lamps; sales of $1 million; 1930s -
largest number of working lathes west of Mississippi; June 28,
1932 - Coleman Lamp and Stove Company registered "Coleman"
trademark first used May 20, 1930 (gasoline burning lamps, lanterns,
heaters, mantles, fuel supply tanks, burners, and parts therefor);
1951 - Sheldon Coleman (son) named President; 1960s
- biggest name in camping business; 1981 - Sheldon Coleman
Jr. (grandson) became third generation to be part of business, produced
15 million products a year; 1986 - manufactured
40-millionth lantern; annual sales exceeded $500 million; 1998
- acquired by Sunbeam Corporation (changed name to American Household,
Inc. in 2002); 2005 - acquired by Jarden Corporation.
February 5, 1901 - Edwin Prescott, of Arlington, MA,
received a patent for a "Centrifugal Railway"; loop-the-loop centrifugal railway (improved upon an August
16, 1898 patent with purely circular loop which resulted in an
uncomfortable shock to passengers as the car entered the loop);
1900 - had been installed at Coney Island where it was known as
Boynton's Centrifugal Railway; had a 75-ft incline and a 20-ft-wide
loop.
August 19, 1902 - Peter J. Scharbach, of Pe Ell, WA,
received a patent for a "Changeable Gear For Bicycles" ("in which the
clutches controlling the gearing may be readily operated from near the
handle-bar and in which the mechanism is simple and durable and easily
replaced when worn").
August 26, 1902 - Arthur W. McCurdy, of Washington, DC,
received a patent for an "Apparatus for Developing Photographic Films";
assigned to Eastman Kodak Company; daylight developing tank for roll
film.
June 22, 1907 - Santa Cruz Beach Co. opened attractions on Santa Cruz beach
boardwalk; more than 1,200 people attended opening ball, thousands
watched outside as Neptune Casino and Boardwalk were illuminated by thousands of
white lights; tourism had begun in 1865 when John Leibrandt opened
public bathhouse near mouth of San Lorenzo River (highly-touted natural
medicine of bathing in salt water); Fred W. Swanton, considered one of
greatest promoters, entrepreneurs of his time, laid plans for a casino,
boardwalk ("Coney Island of the West"); transformed
19th-century Miller and Liebbrandt bathhouse into foundations of current
Boardwalk; after a fire, foundation laid in
October 1906 for the Casino complete with ballroom, Plunge indoor
swimming pool, pleasure pier, boardwalk; August 1911 - European
woodcarver Charles I.D. Looff delivered new merry-go-round to Santa Cruz
Boardwalk (hand-carved horses and two chariots, original 342-pipe, 1894
Ruth Und Sohn band organ still in operation); 1924 - Giant
Dipper coaster opened; became most popular ride (2007 - ridership will
reach 55 million); 2007 - 35 rides, three arcades (vintage
machines, hundreds of modern video games, game deck, 27 games of skill,
36 food vendors, electronic shooting gallery, indoor miniature golf,
over 15 gift shops with everything from beachwear to sunglasses and
jewelry; Cocoanut Grove complex; Boardwalk Bowl; mile-long sandy beach
(cleaned, sifted throughout the year); only remaining major seaside
amusement park on West Coast.
October 22, 1907 - Ringling Brothers circus bought Barnum
& Bailey Circus.
March 2, 1908 - Gabriel Lippman introduced new
three-dimensional color photography at the Academy of Sciences.
January 10, 1911 - Major H.A. "Jimmie" Erickson took first photograph in the U.S. from an airplane while flying in a Curtiss
biplane piloted by Charles Hamilton over San Diego, California.
August 22, 1911 - Ole Evinrude, of Milwaukee, WI, received
patent for a "Marine Propulsion Mechanism"; outboard motor for boats;
outboard motor for boats; formed business partnership with a tugboat
magnate Chris Meyer; sold about 2,000 boat motors a year; 1914
- sold out to Meyer; 1919 - founded Elto Outboard Motor
Company (Evinrude Light Twin Outboard"); 1929 - Evinrude
and Stephen Briggs (Briggs & Stratton) merged three companies, formed
Outboard Motors Corp; 1935 - acquired assets of bankrupt
Johnson Bros. Motor Co., Indiana company that had built a new marine
plant in Waukegan, IL just before the Great Depression; 1936
- name changed to Outboard Marine & Manufacturing Corporation;
1956 - name changed to Outbaord Marine Corporation (OMC);1960s
- annual sales $130 million; 1990s - nation's second
leading manufacturer of boats (behind Brunswick); 2000 -
declared bankruptcy; Bombardier (Montreal, QU) acquired Evinrude &
Johnson motors division.
February 20, 1912 - Eastman Kodak Co. registered "Kodak"
trademark first used December 1887 (photographic cameras, photographic
lenses, photographic portrait attachments, photographic color-screens,
etc.).
October 28, 1914 - George Eastman introduced color photographic process.
July 25, 1917 - Three leading Japanese optical
manufacturers merged, formed comprehensive, fully integrated optical
company known as Nippon Kogaku K.K. (Japan Oprical Co.); 200 employees,
eight German technicians (1921); 1918 - launched optical
glass production, research; 1932 - adopted Nikkor as brand
name for camera lenses; 1945 - production shifted to
cameras, microscopes, binoculars, surveying instruments, measuring
instruments, ophthalmic lenses; 1946 - adopted Nikon brand
name for small-sized cameras; March 1948 - introduced first Nikon camera
(combination of features from Leica, Contax cameras); February 3,
1953 - Overseas Finance & trading Company, Inc. registered
"Nikon" trademark first used May 8, 1949 (cameras); 1953 -
established Nikon Optical Co., first U. S. subsidiary; 1981
- established Nikon Inc. in United States; 1988 - name
changed to Nikon Corporation.
March 1, 1921 - Harry Houdini, of Brooklyn, NY, received a patent for a
"Diver's Suit" ("arranged to permit the diver in case of danger for any
cause whatever, to quickly divest himself of the suit while being
submerged and to safely escape and reach the surface of the water").
1926 - Kodak produced 16mm movie film.
November 22, 1927 - Carl J. E. Eliason, of Sayner, WI,
received first patent for a "Vehicle for Snow Travel" ("to provide a
supporting structure mounted on runners carrying a driving mechanism"); snowmobile; 1930s - founded Eliason Motor Toboggan; U.S. Army
ordered 150, all-white, for use in the defense of
Alaska during World War II.
1928 - Kazuo Tajima established Nichi-Doku Shashinki Sho-ten
(Japanese-German photo company) in Osaka, Japan; 1929 -
introduced Nifcalette, Japan's first camera; 1962 - name
changed to Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.; January 2, 1968 -
Minolta Corporation registered "Minolta" trademark first used April 1,
1954 (photographic goods-namely, cameras and lenses); 1994
- name changed to Minolta Co., Ltd. (no longer primarily a camera
company); 2004 - merged with Konica, renamed
Konica-Minolta Holdings, Inc.; 2006 - discontinued film,
digital camera production, ended 78-year history as camera manufacturer.
January 17, 1928 -
Inventor Anatol M. Josepho,
of New York, NY,
received first U.S. patent for
a "Developing Apparatus for Photographic Film Strips"; fully automatic
film-developing machine, the Photomaton (to
develop film strips);
September 1926 - first Photomaton studio opened to the
public at 1659 Broadway, New York City.
June 4, 1929 - George Eastman demonstrated first technicolor movie (Rochester, New York).
February 25, 1930 -
George
Lewis McCarthy, of Rye, NY, and Abraham Novick, of Flushing, NY,
received patent for a "Photographing Apparatus" (for the "making of
photographic records of discrete business documents");
first bank check photographing
device ('Checkograph'); designed to make permanent film copies of all
bank records; machine photographed checks onto 16mm motion picture film
using a conveyor belt before they were returned to customers; 1928
- Eastman Kodak bought McCarthy's invention and began to market it under
Kodak's Recordak Division; 1935 - expanded to 35mm film,
began filming and publishing the New York Times of the WW I period in
microfilm (solved difficulties in archive storage and rapid
deterioration of the newsprint original) and made microfilm records for
the New York Public Library.
September 23, 1930 - Johann Ostermeyer of Athegnenber,
Germany, received a British patent for "Improvements in flash lights used for photographic
purposes", precursor to photographic safety flash bulb (evolved from
this design, which used aluminium wire or foil in oxygen). 1930
-General
Electric introduced flashbulb to American market.
1966- Flash cubes; 1970 - "Magicube".
May 26, 1931 - George L. McCarthy, of Rye, NY, received a
patent for a "Photographing Apparatus"; microfilm camera.
October 7, 1931 - The first U.S. short-exposure infrared
photograph (new photographic emulsion sensitive to infrared) was taken
of 50 people in apparently total darkness in Rochester, NY at
the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories.
February 21, 1922 -
William N. Goodwin, Jr. of
Newark, NJ, received a patent for a "Thermal Ammeter" ("for measurement
of alternating currents of any frequency"); camera
exposure meter.
November 29, 1932 -
Laurens
Hammond, of Chicago, IL, received patent for first bridge
(game) table to shuffle and deal the cards by electricity.
May 23, 1933 - Gertrude Ederle, of New York, NY, and
Cadwallader W. Kelsey, of Short Hills, NJ, received a patent for an
"Aquatic Device" ("hand controlled device for facilitating
swimming"); paddle-driven swimming device.
July 18, 1933 - Edwin H. Land, of Norwich, CT and Joseph
S. Friedman, of Brookline, MA, received a patent for "Polarizing
Refracting Bodies";
type of
synthetic
plastic sheet used to
polarise light.
January 1934 - Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. established,
based on government plan to establish domestic photographic film
manufacturing industry; inherited split-off photographic film operations
of Dainippon Celluloid Company Limited, began operations with ¥3million
in capital; Shuichi Asano first president; February 1934 -
Ashigara Factory (Kanagawa Factory Ashigara Site) began operating,
produced photographic film, photographic print paper, dry plates, other
photosensitive materials; February 1962 - established Fuji
Xerox Co., Ltd. as joint venture with U.K.-based Rank Xerox Limited
(currently Xerox Limited); established as subsidiary in March 2001;
July 1988 - established Fuji Photo Film, Inc. (FUJIFILM
Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc.) in South Carolina as Fujifilm Group's
principal manufacturing company in United States.
October 27, 1936 - Gustav Bucky, of New York, NY, and
Albert Einstein, of Princeton, NJ, received a patent for a
"Light Intensity Self-Adjusting Camera"' light-sensitive camera.
1937 - Edwin H. Land founded Polaroid Corp. to develop, produce sheet polarizers; July 8, 1941 - Polaroid
Corporation registered "Polaroid" trademark first used on
November 19, 1935 (stereoscopic viewers and the like);
February 21, 1947 - Edwin H. Land
gave first demonstration of instant
photography (one-step instant camera)
at meeting of Optical Society of America;
could produce black-and-white photograph in 60 seconds; February 10, 1948
-
received patent for "Developing Camera Utilizing a Film, Another Sheet
Material and a Fluid Processing Agent"; received patent for
"Photographic Process and Apparatus for Subjecting a Photographic Film
to a Processing Fluid"; received patent for "Photographic Apparatus for
Subjecting a Photographic Film to a Processing Fluid";
received patent for "Apparatus for Exposing and Processing Photograph
Film";
November 26, 1948 - Polaroid Land Camera (40 series, model
95 roll film) first went on sale at Boston department store for $89.75
(sold through 1953); first commercially successful self- developing
camera system; February 27, 1951 - received a patent
for a "Photographic Product Comprising a Rupturable Container Carrying a
Photographic Processing Liquid"; Polaroid Land camera used diffusion
transfer to reproduce image recorded by camera's lens directly onto
photosensitive surface (functioned as both film and photo); March 27, 1951 -
registered "Polaroid" trademark first used April 1, 1946
(photographic cameras, photographic camera, shutters, [photographic
exposure meters], sensitized photographic film, [photographic film
spools], sensitized photographic papers, [and television screen
filters];
July 30, 1938 - George Eastman demonstrated color motion picture process.
April 1947 - Robert Capa (at large), Henri Cartier-Bresson
(India, Far East), George Rodger (Africa), David "Chim" Seymour (Europe)
founded Magnum Photo at informal meeting in restaurant of Museum of
Modern Art in New York: 1) to reflect their independent natures as
people, photographers (idiosyncratic mix of reporter and artist); 2) to
allow them, and fine photographers who would follow, ability to work
outside formulas of magazine journalism; founded as co-operative in
which staff support, rather than direct photographers; copyright held by
authors of imagery, not by magazines that published the work
(photographer could decide what to cover, publish the pictures in "Life"
magazine, agency could then sell photographs to magazines in other
countries, give photographers means to work on projects that
particularly inspired them even without an assignment).
April 16, 1947 - Lens to provide zoom effects demonstrated in
New York City; November 23, 1948 - Frank G. Back, of New
York, NY, received a patent for a "Varifocal Lens fort Cameras"; lens to
provide zoom effects for television cameras; Zoomar lens was adjustable
for close-ups or long-distance shots without requiring the camera be
moved toward or away from the object televised.
April 7, 1959 - Sherman M. Fairchild, of New York, NY, received a patent for
an "Engraving Machine" ("improved photo-engraving").
August 1, 1961 - Six Flags Over Texas (six flags had flown
over state at various times--France, Spain, Mexico, Confederacy, Texas,
United States), first park in Six Flags chain, opened on 212 acres in
Arlington, TX; developed around theme: history of Texas; rides,
attractions grouped into six themed sections that represented cultures
of governments representing six flags over Texas; brainchild of Texas
real estate developer and oilman Angus Wynne Jr., viewed it as
short-term way to make money from vacant land before turning it into
industrial complex; pioneered concept of all-inclusive admission price;
day at Six Flags cost $2.75 for an adult and $2.25 for a child;
hamburger sold for 50 cents, soda cost a dime; 17.5 million visitors in
first 10 years, became Texas 's top for-profit tourist attraction;
1969 - acquired by limited partnership headed by Jack Knox;
1993 - acquired by Time Warner; 1995 - sold
51% stake to Boston Ventures for$1billion; 1998 - acquired
by Premier Parks.
January 9, 1986
- The Federal District Court in Boston ordered an injunction barring the
Eastman Kodak Company from selling its instant cameras; Polaroid had
charged Kodak with stealing the patent for its trademark instant camera;
1988 - a Chicago court settled a class-action suit against
Kodak by forcing the company to establish an elaborate program for
notifying and issuing rebates to consumers.
October 11, 2001
- The Polaroid Corporation filed for federal bankruptcy protection;
April 2005 - Petters Group
Worldwide acquired Polaroid (valued at $426 million).
(Bachrach Photography), Doug Collins; introduction by Arthur M.
Schlesinger, Jr. (1992).
Photographed by Bachrach: 125 Years of American Portraiture.
(New York, NY: Rizzoli, 192 p.). Celebrities--United States--Portraits;
Portrait photography--United States--History.
(P. T. Barnum), Bluford Adams (1997).
E Pluribus Barnum: The Great Showman and the Making of U.S. Popular
Culture. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 249
p.). Department of English (University of Iowa). Barnum, P. T. (Phineas
Taylor), 1810-1891; Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Combined
Shows--History; Circus owners--United States--Biography; Circus--Social
aspects--United States; Popular culture--United States.
(P. T. Barnum), Stuart Thayer and William L. Slout (1998).
Grand Entree: The Birth of the Greatest Show on Earth, 1870-1875.
(San Bernardino, CA: Borgo Press, 182 p.). Barnum, P. T. (Phineas
Taylor), 1810-1891; P.T. Barnum (Firm)--History; Circus owners--United
States--Biography.
(Bertram Yacht Co.), David A. Patten and Jeffrey L. Rodengen (2000).
The Legend of Bertram. (Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff
Enterprises, 160 p.). Bertram Yacht Co.; Yachts--United
States--History--20th century; Motorboats.
(Beverly Yacht Club), Judith Westlund Rosbe (2006).
The Beverly Yacht Club. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128 p.).
Club Historian of the Beverly Yacht Club. Beverly Yacht Club (Beverly,
Mass.)--History; Yacht clubs--Massachusetts--Beverly--History;
Yachting--Massachusetts--Beverly--Pictorial works;
Sailing--Massachusetts--Beverly--Pictorial works; Beverly
(Mass.)--History. Founded in 1872, no fixed
home for first 23 years, held races, regattas at
ports most convenient to members. 1895 -
leased first clubhouse on Wing’s Neck ; 1913
- moved to Marion.
(Bohemian Club), G. William Domhoff (1974).
The Bohemian Grove and Other Retreats; A Study in Ruling-Class
Cohesiveness. (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 250 p.). Bohemian
Club (San Francisco, Calif.); Upper class -- United States; Elite
(Social sciences).
(Bohemian Club), John Van der Zee (1974).
The Greatest Men's Party on Earth; Inside the Bohemian Grove.
(New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 182 p.). Bohemian Club (San
Francisco, Calif.).
(Brunswick -since 1845, when Swiss immigrant John Brunswick built one
of America's first billiards tables), Rick Kogan (1985).
Brunswick: The Story of an American Company from 1845 to 1985.
(Lake Forest, IL: Brunswick Corp, 139 p.). Brunswick Corporation.
(Brunswick), Jeff Rodengen (1991).
Iron Fist: The Lives of Carl
Kiekhaefer. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Syndicate, 640 p.).
Kiekhaefer, Elmer Carl, 1906-1983; Brunswick Corporation. Mercury
Marine--History; Industrialists--United States--Biography; Boating
industry--United States--History--20th century.
(Brunswick), Jeffrey L. Rodengen (1998).
The Legend of Mercury.
(Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 207 p.). Brunswick
Corporation. Mercury Marine--History; Outboard motorboats--United
States--History; Outboard motors--History.
(Canon), NIKKEI; translated by Mark Schreiber and Aaron Martin
Cohen (2004).
How Canon Got Its Flash Back: The Innovative
Turnaround Tactics of Fujio Mitarai. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 221 p.).
Mitarai, Fujio, 1935- ; Kyanon Kabushiki Kaisha--Management; Camera
industry--Japan--Management.
(Chris-Craft Industries), Jeffrey L. Rodengen
(1993).
The Legend of Chris-Craft. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff
Syndicate, 272 p. [2nd ed.]). Murray Industries--History; Chris-Craft
Industries--History; Boatbuilding--United States--History.
(Chris-Craft Industries), Joseph Gribbins (2001). Chris-Craft: A
History, 1922-1942. (Marblehead, MA: Devereux Books, 122 p.).
Chris-Craft Industries--History; Boatbuilding--United
States--History--20th century; Motorboats--United
States--History--20th century.
(Cirque du Soleil), text by Tony Babinski; art
direction by Kristian Manchester. (2004).
Cirque du Soleil: 20 Years Under the Sun. (New York, NY: Harry
N. Abrams, 352 p.). Writer, Filmmaker, Musician based in Montreal; Art
Director with Diesel Design. Cirque du Soleil--History; Circus--Québec
(Province)--History.
(ClubCorp Inc.), Robert H. Dedman, with Debbie DeLoach (1999).
King of Clubs: Grow Rich In More Than Money. (Dallas, TX: Taylor
Pub., 212 p.). Chairman of the ClubCorp. Dedman, Robert H.; Success;
Businessmen--United States--Biography.
(Detroit Athletic Club), Kenneth H. Voyles, John A.
Bluth (2001).
Detroit Athletic Club: 1887-2001. (Chicago, IL: Arcadia
Publishing, 128 p.). Current Editor, Publisher of the Club's
Award-Winning Magazine, the DAC News. Detroit Athletic Club. Detroit.
From original club on
Woodward Avenue in 1887 to the present: formative years at first club, building and opening
of new club, athletic traditions, membership, staff, social activities.
(Encinal Yacht Club), Woodruff Minor (1994).
On the Bay: A Centennial History of the Encinal Yacht Club.
(Alameda, CA: The Yacht Club, 279 p.). Encinal Yacht Club (Alameda,
Calif.); Yacht clubs--California--Alameda--History.
(Ilford Limited), Robert J. Hercock and George A.
Jones (1979).
Silver by the Ton: The History of Ilford Limited, 1879-1979.
(New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 170 p.). Ilford Limited--History.
(Inverness Club), Dave Hackenberg (2003). Inverness Club: Its
Vibrant Voice Chimes Through a Century (1903-2003). (Toledo, OH:
Inverness Club, 167 p.). Inverness Club (Toledo, Ohio)--History; Golf
courses--Ohio--Toledo--History; Toledo (Ohio)--History.
(Kodak), S. Prakash Sethi. With a foreword by James
Farmer, and an introd. by Dow Votaw (1970).
Business Corporations and the Black Man; An Analysis of Social
Conflict: The Kodak-FIGHT Controversy. (Scranton, PA: Chandler
Pub. Co., 184 p.). Eastman Kodak Company; Industries -- Social aspects
-- New York (State) -- Rochester -- Case studies; African Americans --
Employment -- New York (State) -- Rochester -- Case studies.
(Kodak), Carl W. Ackerman. With an introd. by Edwin R. A. Seligman
(1973).
George Eastman:
Founder of Kodak and the Photography Business. (Clifton, NJ: A. M. Kelley, 522 p.
[orig. pub. 1930]). Eastman, George, 1854-1932.
(Kodak), Albert L. Sieg with Steven J. Bennett (1995).
The Tokyo
Chronicles: An American Gaijin Reveals the Hidden Truths of Japanese
Life and Business. (New York, NY: Wiley, 182 p.). President of
Kodak Japanese Subsidiary (1984) for Seven Years. Business etiquette--Japan;
National characteristics, Japanese; Japan--Social life and
customs--1945-.
(Kodak), Douglas Collins (1990).
The Story of Kodak. (New
York, NY: H. N. Abrams, 392 p.). Eastman Kodak Company--History;
Photographic industry--United States--History; Photographic film
industry--United States--History; Camera industry--United
States--History.
(Kodak), Stephen J. Frangos with Steven J. Bennett. (1993).
Team
Zebra: How 1500 Partners Revitalized Eastman Kodak's Black & White
Film-Making Flow. (Essex Junction, VT: O. Wright, 216 p.).
Manager, Kodak's Black and White Film Division. Eastman Kodak Company.
Black and White Film Division; Organizational change -- New York
(State) -- Rochester -- Case studies.
(Kodak), Elizabeth Brayer (1996).
George Eastman: A Biography.
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 637 p.). Eastman,
George, 1854-1932.
(Kodak), Alecia Swasy (1997).
Changing Focus: Kodak and the
Battle to Save a Great American Company. (New York, NY: Times
Business, 276 p.). Eastman Kodak Company; Photographic
industry--United States; Camera industry--United States; Photographic
film industry--United States; Photographic chemicals industry--United
States.
(Kodak), Nancy Martha West (2000).
Kodak and the Lens of
Nostalgia. (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 242
p.). Eastman Kodak Company; Advertising--Photographic
equipment--Psychological aspects--History; Nostalgia.
(Kodak), Russell L. Olson (2005).
The School of Hard Knocks: The Evolution of Pension Investing at
Eastman Kodak. (Rochester, NY: RIT Cary Graphic Arts Press, 97
p.). Former Director of Pension Investments, Worldwide, for Eastman
Kodak Company. Eastman Kodak Company; Pension
trusts--Investments--United States.
(Los Angeles Athletic Club), Text by Betty Lou
Young; designed by Thomas R. Young (1980).
Our First Century: The Los Angeles Athletic Club, 1880-1980.
(Los Angeles, CA: LAAC Press, 176 p.). Los Angeles Athletic
Club--History.
(Magnum Photos), Ed. Brigitte Lardinois (2007).
Magnum Magnum. (London, UK: Thames & Hudson, 564 p.). Magnum
Photos; photographic film industry--United States--History.
Co-operative, founded 1947; permanent
record of iconic images, seen
through critical eyes, minds of Magnum photographers, into what
makes memorable photograph.
(Maidstone Club), Averill Dayton Geus (1991). The Second Fifty
Years, 1941-1991. (West Kennebunk, ME: Published for the
Centennial Committee of the Maidstone Club, East Hampton, Long Island,
New York, by Phoenix Pub., 251 p.). Maidstone Club (East Hampton, N.Y.
: Town)--History.
(Maryland State Fair), Paige Horine (2006).
The Maryland State Fair: Celebrating 125 Years. (Charleston,
SC: Arcadia, 128 p.). Fairs--Maryland; Agricultural
exhibitions--Maryland; Baltimore County (Md.)--History; Timonium
(Md.)--History. Billed as "the Eleven Best Days of Summer."
(Mid-South Fair), Robert W. Dye (2006).
The Mid-South Fair: Celebrating 150 Years. (Charleston, SC:
Arcadia Pub., 128 p.). Chairman of the Mid-South Fair Historical
Committee, Member of the Shelby County Historical Commission.
Mid-South Fair (Memphis, Tenn.)--History--Pictorial works;
Agricultural exhibitions--Tennessee--Memphis--History--Pictorial
works. Established in 1856, offered farmers and general
public a venue to learn of new products, compete with others
from the region; prevailed through Civil War, yellow fever epidemics,
two world wars, one of largest in nation.
(Minolta), Sam Kusumoto with Edmund P. Murray (1989).
My Bridge
to America: Discovering the New World for Minolta. (New York, NY:
Dutton, 340 p.). Kusumoto, Sam, 1928- ; Minolta Corporation--History;
Businesspeople--Japan--Biography; Camera
industry--Japan--History--20th century; Camera industry--United
States--History--20th century; Minolta camera--Marketing.
(Nikon), Michael Wescott Loder; foreword by Robert
J. Rotoloni (2008).
The Nikon Camera in America, 1946-1953. (Jefferson, NC:
McFarland & Company, 227 p.). Nihon Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha;
Nikon camera--History; Camera industry--United States--History;
Photography--United States--Equipment and supplies--History.
1946-1951
- roles that American businesses, photojournalists played in early
overseas marketing of Nikon camera, Nikkor optics;
particular attention to Overseas Finance
and Trading Company, major U.S. importer of Nikon products between
1949 and 1953.
(Outboard Marine), Jeffrey L. Rodengen (1992).
Evinrude,
Johnson, and the Legend of OMC. (Ft.Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff
Syndicate, 144 p.). Outboard Marine Corporation--History; Outboard
motorboats--United States--History; Outboard motors--History.
(Polaris Industries), Jeffrey L. Rodengen & Richard
F. Hubbard (2003).
The Legend of Polaris. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff
Enterprises, 152 p.). Polaris Industries--History; Snowmobile
industry--United States--History; All terrain vehicle industry--United
States--History; Personal watercraft--United States--History; Victory
motorcycle--History; Motorcycles--United States--History; Motor
vehicles--Recreational use--United States--History;
Industries--Minnesota--Roseau--History.
(Polaroid), Mark Olshaker (1978).
The Instant Image: Edwin Land
and the Polaroid Experience. (New York, NY: Stein & Day, 277 p.).
Land, Edwin Herbert, 1909- ; Polaroid Corporation.
(Polaroid), Peter C. Wensberg (1987).
Land's Polaroid: A Company
and the Man Who Invented It (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 258
p.). Land, Edwin Herbert, 1909- ; Polaroid Corporation--History;
Polaroid Land camera--History.
(Polaroid), Victor K. McElheny (1998).
Insisting on the
Impossible: The Life of Edwin Land (Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 510
p.). Reporter on Science and Technology. Land, Edwin Herbert, 1909- ;
Polaroid Corporation--History; Scientists--United States--Biography;
Inventors--United States--Biography.
(Polaroid), Alan R. Earls and Nasrin Rohani;
foreward by Marie Cosindas (2005).
Polaroid. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 128 p.). Land, Edwin
Herbert, 1909- ; Polaroid Land Camera; Instant photography--History;
Polaroid Corporation--History.
(Pope Manufacturing Company), Stephen B. Goddard
(2000).
Colonel Albert Pope and His American Dream Machines: The
Life and Times of a Bicycle Tycoon Turned Automotive Pioneer.
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 253 p.). Pope, Albert A. (Albert Augustus),
1843-1909; Automobile industry and trade--United States--Biography;
Industrialists--United States--Biography; Bicycles--United
States--Biography; Highway engineers--United States--Biography.
Founder - Columbia bicycles.
(Raleigh Cycle Co.), Roger Lloyd-Jones and M.J.
Lewis (2000).
Raleigh and the British Bicycle Industry: An Economic and Business
History, 1870-1960. (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 303 p.).
Professor of Economic History (Sheffield Hallam University, UK);
Senior Lecturer in Business History (Sheffield Hallam University, UK). Raleigh
Cycle Co. -- History; Bicycle industry -- Great Britain --
History.
(Ranier Club), Walt Crowley (1988).
The Rainier Club, 1888-1988. (Seattle, WA: Crowley Associates,
79 p.). Ranier Club.
(Ringling Brothers), Henry Ringling North and Alden
Hatch (1960).
The Circus Kings Our Ringling Family Story. (Garden City, N:
Doubleday, 383 p.). Ringling Brothers.
(Ringling Brothers), Jerry Apps ; foreword by Fred Dahlinger,
Jr. (2005).
Ringlingville USA: The Stupendous Story of Seven Siblings and
Their Stunning Circus Success. (Madison, WI: Wisconsin
Historical Society Press, 256 p.). Wisconsin Historian. Ringling
Brothers--History; Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Combined
Shows--History; Circus performers--United States--Biography;
Circus--United States.
(Riverview Amusement Park), Derek Gee and Ralph
Lopez (2000). Laugh Your Troubles Away: The Complete History of
Riverview Park, Chicago, Illinois. (Livonia, MI: Sharpshooters
Productions, 166 p.). Amusement parks--Illinois--Chicago--History;
(Chicago, Ill.).
(Riverview Amusement Park), Dolores Haugh (2004).
Riverview Amusement Park. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128
p.). Founding Member, Past President, and Director Emeritus of the
Mount Prospect Historical Society. Riverview Amusement Park (Chicago,
Ill.)--History; Riverview Amusement Park (Chicago,
Ill.)--History--Pictorial works. 1904 to 1967 -
world’s largest amusement park opened to millions of people; grew from
22 acres, 3 rides to 140 acres, more than 100 attractions.
(Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk), Chandra Moira Beal and
Richard A. Beal (2003).
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk: The Early Years-- Never a Dull Moment.
(Austin, TX: Pacific Group, 261 p.). Beaches--California--Santa Cruz;
Amusement parks--California--Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz (Calif.)--History;
Santa Cruz (Calif.)--Pictorial works.
(Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk), Santa Cruz Seaside
Company (2007).
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk: A Century by the Sea. (Berkeley,
CA: Ten Speed Press, 176 p.). Amusement parks--California--Santa
Cruz--History; Beaches--California--Santa Cruz--History; Santa Cruz
(Calif.)--History; Santa Cruz (Calif.)--Pictorial works. History of premier California tourist destination.
From beachfront bathhouses and ashes of Santa Cruz’s first
Casino, "Coney Island of the West" is home to National Historic
Landmarks, dozens of rides, games, shops, venues.
(Schwinn), Judith Crown & Glenn Coleman (1996).
No Hands: The
Rise and Fall of the Schwinn Bicycle Company: An American Institution.
(New York, NY: Holt, 350 p.). Schwinn Bicycle Company--History;
Bicycle industry--United States--History.
(Scores), Jay Bildstein, as told to Jerry
Schmetterer (1996).
The King of Clubs. (New York, NY: Barricade
Books, 288 p.). Bildstein, Jay; Scores (Club : New York,
N.Y.)--History; Music-halls (Variety-theaters, cabarets, etc.)--New
York (State)--New York--History; Striptease--New York (State)--New
York; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.
(Sea World), Susan G. Davis (1997).
Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience.
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 313 p.). Associate
Professor of Communication (University of California, San Diego). Sea
World; Amusement parks--Social aspects--California--San Diego;
Amusement parks--Economic aspects--California--San Diego; Corporate
culture--California--San Diego.
(Sea World), Tim O'Brien (2003).
The Wave Maker: Story Of Theme Park Pioneer George Millay And The
Creation Of Seaworld, Magic Mountain, And Wet 'n Wild.
(Nashville, TN: Ripley's Entertainment, Inc., 352 p.). VP, Publishing
and Communication (Ripley's Entertainment). Amusement Parks--United
States--History; theme parks.
(Six Flags), Tim Hollis (2006).
Six Flags Over Georgia. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128
p.). Amusement parks--Georgia--Austell--History--Pictorial works;
Amusement parks--Georgia--Pictorial works. Opened June 1967
- first theme park in Southeast, devoted
to various periods of Georgia’s history; changed, expanded over
the decades.
(Topsfield Fair), David H. Fletcher (2003).
Topsfield Fair: America’s Oldest. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia,
128 p.). Topsfield Fair (Topsfield, Mass.); Agricultural
exhibitions--Massachusetts--Topsfield; Topsfield (Mass. :
Town)--History. Oldest agricultural fair in
America (1818) - rooted in agriculture, filled with thrills,
family entertainment.
(Villiers Engineering Co. Ltd.), Marjorie von Harten and Melissa
Marston (1979).
Man of Woverhampton:
(the Life and Times of Sir Charles Marston. (Daglingworth, UK: Coombe Springs Press, 255
p.). Marston, Charles, Sir, 1867-1946; Businesspeople--Great
Britain--Biography. Sunbeam bicycles.
(Walworth County Fair), Taylor Pipes (2005).
Walworth County Fair. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 128 p.).
Walworth County Fair (Elkhorn, Wis.)--History--Pictorial works.
Founded in 1851, dubbed the "Great Fair" in
1918, tone of largest in United States.
(Westmoor Country Club), H. Russell Zimmermann (1987). Westmoor
Country Club: Sixty Years of Family, Fellowship, and Sport.
(Brookfield, WI: The Club, 304 p.). Westmoor Country Club (Brookfield,
Wis.)--History; Country clubs--Wisconsin--Milwaukee Metropolitan
Area--History.
(Zambelli Internationale), Gianni DeVincent Hayes
(2003).
Zambelli, The First Family of Fireworks: A Story of Global Success.
(Forest Dale, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 171 p.). Zambelli family; Zambelli
Internationale; Fireworks--United States.
Judith A. Adams (1991).
The American Amusement Park Industry: A
History of Technology and Thrills. (Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers,
225 p.). Amusement parks--United States--History; Amusement
parks--Economic aspects--United States; Amusement ride equipment
industry--United States--History. Norman D.
Anderson (1992).
Ferris Wheels: An Illustrated History. (Bowling Green, OH:
Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 407 p.). Ferris
wheels--History. Story of one of the engineering marvels of both the
nineteenth and the twentieth century.
Elspeth H.
Brown (2005).
The Corporate Eye: Photography and the Rationalization
of American Commercial Culture, 1884-1929. (Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 320 p.). Assistant Professor of History
(University of Toronto). Photography--United States--Business methods;
Commercial photography--United States--History.
Bryan Burkhart and David Hunt (2000).
Airstream: The History of the Land Yacht. (San Francisco, CA:
Chronicle Books, 143 P.). Airstream trailers--History.
Brian J. Cudahy (1998).
Twilight on the Bay: The Excursion Boat Empire of B.B. Wills
(Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 242 p.). Wills, B. B. (Benjamin
Bowling), 1897-1986; Excursion boats -- United States -- History;
Businessmen -- United States -- Biography. David
Lewis Hammarstrom (2008).
Fall of the Big Top: The Vanishing American Circus. (Jefferson,
NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 239 p.). Circus--United States--History.
Circus history from 1793 to present; cultural
forces pushing big top shows toward "circus ballet."
Reese Jenkins (1975).
Images and Enterprise: Technology and the American Photographic
Industry, 1839 to 1925. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 371 p.). Photographic industry--United States--History.
Roger Lacasse (1988).
Joseph-Armand Bombardier: Le Reve d’Un Inventeur. (Quebec: Libre
expression, 233 p.). Bombardier, Joseph-Armand, 1907-1964;
Industrialists--Que´bec (Province)--Biography; Snowmobile industry--Que´bec
(Province)--History; All terrain vehicles--Que´bec (Province)--History.
James M. Mayo (1998).
The American Country Club: Its Origins and Development. (New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 243 p.). Country clubs--United
States--History. David Nasaw (1993).
Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements. (New York,
NY: BasicBooks, 312 p.). Professor of History and American Studies
(Graduate Center of the City University of New York). Leisure--United
States--History; Amusements--United States--History.
Woody Register (2001).
The Kid of Coney Island: Fred Thompson and
the Rise of American Amusements (New York, NY: Oxford University
Press, 400 p.). Professor of American Studies (Sewanee, University of
the South). Thompson, Fred, 1873-1919; Amusement park owners--New York
(State)--New York--Biography.
Fukui Yuko (2005). Kanransha Monogatari: 110-nen no
Rekishi o Meguru = Ferris Wheel History. (Tokyo, Japan: Heibonsha,
343 p.). Ferris wheel history. History of Ferris
wheels in western countries.
__________________________________________________
Business History Links
Amusement Park History
http://history.amusement-parks.com Site is designed to help facilitate the understanding of amusement
parks, specifically the traditions and history that surround the
industry.
Amusing America
http://sfpl.org/news/onlineexhibits/amusing/
Online exhibit from the San Francisco Public Library pays tribute to the
closing decades of the 19th century, when Americans began to frequent
amusement parks, dance halls, and other such places. From a virtual
Ferris wheel, visitors can enter the exhibit by clicking on a number of
images, including a smiling clown’s face and a trio of bathing beauties.
Visitors can learn about San Francisco’s famed Sutro Baths, tour the
grounds of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, and the hustle
and bustle of the Playland. If visitors make some popcorn and pink
lemonade while wandering around the site, it might just make the
experience complete.
Circus Historical Society
http://www.circushistory.org/index.htm Founded in 1939, the Circus Historical Society, Inc. (CHS) is a
tax-exempt, not-for-profit educational organization dedicated to
recording the history of the American circus from the first one in
Philadelphia during 1793 to today.
The Circus in America: 1793-1940 [Quick
Time]
http://www.circusinamerica.org/public/welcome
For over a century and a half, the circus was at the forefront of
Americans’ minds when they thought of large-scale entertainment. Wwith
their movement through towns both large and small, the circus seemed to
captivate both cosmopolites and more rural folk. Designed by the staff
members at The Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at
the University of Virginia, this multimedia site brings together a range
of primary materials (including video clips) that tell the stories of
six major American circuses from 1793 to 1940. Visitors can elect to
learn about the acts in each circus, the animals that delighted both
young and old, and the transportation methods used to move these
enormous productions from Nyack to New Bedford. There is also a circus
timeline of events, and some "Special Attractions", which include essays
on various aspects of circus history and a selection of sounds of the
circus. The site is rounded out by some video clips of restored circus
wagons on parade and itineraries for the six featured circuses which
give users a sense of the exhausting schedules they often had.
George Eastman House
http://www.eastman.org/ Since it was opened in 1949, the George Eastman House has helped tell
"the story of photography and motion pictures -- media that have changed
and continue to change our perception of the world." The museum's
homepage offers a number of interesting resources about current
exhibitions and longstanding collections. One of the more substantial
sections of the Web site is titled Education & Research; it contains a
couple of video clips of photographic processes, as well as insights
into the work conducted at the L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film
Preservation. The site also contains a Timeline of Photography, which
describes many remarkable events over the past three centuries. Several
sample images of photographs from the George Eastman House collections
are available for viewing. Heliography: A
Chronology of New England Inventions and Innovations in Photography the
19th Century
http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:dJKRgRXB87sJ:
personals.galaxyinternet.net/tunga/
Heliography.htm+moving+picture+projector+%22O.+B.+ Brown%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3.
New England played an important role in the evolution of
photography. Published in the Spring 2003 issue of The New England
Journal of Photographic History.
Kodak History
http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/kodakHistory/ On the pages that follow, you'll learn more about George Eastman's
remarkable accomplishments and about the company that today is bringing
new dimensions to his legacy. Made in
Chicago: The Ferris Wheel
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/sfeature/sf_made_18.html
Brief description of the Ferris wheel, which "debuted at Chicago's 1893
Columbian Exposition. ... 'The World's Greatest Ride' was reused at the
St. Louis World's Fair of 1904, then dynamited and sold for scrap
metal." Includes links to related articles about the Columbian
Exposition and the Coney Island entrepreneur who saw the Ferris wheel
and ordered a smaller version. From an American Experience documentary
about Chicago. |
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