1840 - Alvin Adams (36) established Adams & Co. as an express service in Boston (2 men, 1 boy as employees; 1 wheelbarrow); 1845 - U.S. government initiated protection for U.S. post offices from independent competitors - only post office authorized to carry letters for fee; July 1, 1854 - The Adams Express Company formally incorporated in New York City (merged Adams express and 8 other East Coast express companies); September 7, 1849 - announced new service to San Francisco via panama; 1918 - U.S. railroads nationalized, railway express operations of principal express companies sold to new government-operated American Railway Express Company (became passive investors in AREC, U.S. government operation); 1920 - railroads reprivatized; 1929 - 86 principal U.S. railroads formed monopoly company, Railway Express Agency, acquired AREC shares; October 1929 - company operated as closed-end fund; first 75 years - one of nation's leading independent express companies; second 75 years - one of natuions largest closed-end investment companies.

1904 - Roger and Grace Babson founded Babson's Statistical Organization with an initial investment of $1,200; later called Business Statistics Organization, then Babson's Reports, later Babson-United Investment Reports; central clearinghouse for information on investment information, business conditions published in newsletters, sold by subscription to interested banks and investors; 1907 - expanded investment practice to include counseling; originated Babsonchart of economic indicators (assessed current, predicted future business conditions); first financial forecaster to predict stock-market crash of October, 1929; 2001 - Babson-United Investment Reports closed.

1927 - Kenneth Stevens Van Strum (28) established Van Strum Financial Service, investment-counseling firm, in New York City; 1930 - hired Herbert Sands Towne, opened branch office in Springfield, MA; 1934 - Towne made partner, firm renamed Van Strum & Towne, Inc.; 1940 - nearly three-dozen employees in five locations around country; 1952 - set up Channing Corporation, multifaceted conglomerate; assembled array of mutual funds in U.S. and Canada; 1968 - Robert Van Kampen (30) set up investment partnership in Chicago; pioneered insurance coverage for tax-exempt bond funds (insured unit investment trusts); 1980 - John C. Merritt, former head of Unit Trust Division of Butcher & Singer, joined Robert Van Kampen as president; company renamed Van Kampen Merritt, Inc.; 1983 - had sold nearly $7 billion of trusts nation’s third-largest firm in that arena; acquired by Xerox Corporation (Xerox Financial Services Inc.) for $200 million; after several mergers, Channing renamed American Capital Corporation; 1984 - Van Kampen Merritt introduced first mutual fund; 1986 - mutual fund business topped $3.5 billion; 1994 - merged with American Capital, formed fifth-largest broker-sold mutual fund group (more than $50 billion in assets under management, more than 75 mutual funds); renamed Van Kampen American Capital; June 1996 - acquired by Morgan Stanley; 1987 - one of six companies in nation to hold more than $100 billion in mutual fund assets; 1998 - Van Kampen American Capital changed name to Van Kampen Investments, completed $1.6 billion IPO of closed-end mutual fund, second-largest closed-end IPO at time.

1937 - George Putnam, Sr. established The George Putnam Fund of Boston, a balanced mutual fund; offered flexible portfolio of stocks and bonds; 1970 - acquired by Marsh McLennan (assets under management are nearly $2 billion).

1975 - John Bogle presented idea to board of directors of newly formed Vanguard Group: extremely low-cost mutual fund (0.3% per year in operating expenses, 0.2% per year in transaction costs vs. annual fund costs of about 2.0%) that would attempt to would attempt to mirror returns of stock market as measured by Standard & Poor's 500 index by buying each of index's 500 stocks in amounts equal to weightings within index itself; August 31, 1976 - First Index Investment Trust created (nation’s first index mutual fund available to individual investors, now known as Vanguard® 500 Index Fund); 1984 - second index fund; 1988 - total index fund assets of $5.6 billion (1% of total assets of equity mutual funds); 1996 - 5% market share; 1999 - 9% market share; 2006 - 175 of equity fund assets ($1 trillion).

November 20, 2006 - Bank of America Corp. agreed to buy U.S. Trust, the wealth management (private-banking) unit of Charles Schwab Corp. (4th largest), for $3.3 billion in cash; created biggest manager of private wealth to better compete for wealthy clients against Citigroup Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co.

(Acorn), Ralph Wanger with Everett Mattlin (1997). A Zebra in Lion Country: Ralph Wanger's Investment Survival Guide. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 251 p.). Investments; Securities; Finance, Personal.

(Adams Express), Albert Shumate; with foreword by Kevin Starr (1986). The Notorious I.C. Woods of the Adams Express. (Glendale, CA: A. H. Clark, 144 p.). Woods, Isaiah Churchill, 1825-1880; Adams & Co.--History; Businesspeople--California--Biography; California--Economic conditions.

(American Express Financial Advisors), Kenneth Lipartito, Carol Heher Peters (2001). Investing for Middle America John Elliott Tappan and the Origins of American Express Financial Advisors. (New York, NY: Palgrave, 268 p.). Professor of History (Florida International University); Great Granddaughter of John Elliott Tappan, Communications Editor at the Princeton Environmental Institute (Princeton University). Tappan, John Elliott, 1870- ; American Express Financial Advisors; Financial planners--United States; Investment advisors--United States; Financial services industry--United States.

(Babson's Reports), Roger W. Babson (1949). Actions and Reactions: the Autobiography Of Roger Babson. (New York: Harper, p. [rev. ed.]). Founder, Babson's Reports. Babson, Roger Ward, 1875- ; Investment advice; Investment information.

(Babson's Reports), Earl L. Smith (1954). Yankee Genius; A Biography of Roger W. Babson, Pioneer in Investment Counseling and Business Forecasting Who Capitalized on Investment Patience. (New York, NY: Harper, 298 p.). Babson, Roger Ward, 1875-.

(Cambridge Associates), Hunter Lewis (2007). Are the Rich Necessary?: Great Economic Arguments and How They Reflect Our Personal Values. (Mt. Jackson, VA: Axios Press, 282 p.). Co-founder, Cambridge Associates. Economics; Business & Investing. Alternate approaches to solving everyday economic problems; succinct, yes-or-no economic question: "Does the profit system glorify greed?, analyzes rationally arguments behind both answers. 

(Capital Group), Charles D. Ellis (2004). Capital: The Story of Long Term Investment Excellence. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 318 p.). Capital Group History; Investment advisors History.

(Cassandra Group Inc.), Emily White (2007). You Will Make Money in Your Sleep: From Boom to Bust with Dana Giacchetto in the 1990s. (New York, NY: Scribner, 320 p.). Giacchetto, Dana; Investment advisors--United States--Biography; Investment advisors--Corrupt practices--United States. Former president, founder of $100 million Cassandra Group, investment advisory firm; managing funds for celebrity clients; charged with stealing $9.9 million in client funds, lying to securities investigators; sentenced to nearly 5 years in prison; won early release.

(Dreyfus), Jack Dreyfus (1996). The Lion of Wall Street: The Two Lives of Jack Dreyfus. (Washington, DC: Regnery Pub., 328 p.). Founder, Dreyfus Funds. Dreyfus, Jack, 1913-; Dreyfus, Jack, 1913- -- Health; Capitalists and financiers -- United States -- Biography; Depression, Mental -- Patients -- United States -- Biography; Phenytoin.

(ETS Capital Management), Richard L. Lackey (2005). Cashing in on Wall Street's 10 Greatest Myths: What You Can Do To Consistently Build Wealth. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 220 p.). CEO of ETS Capital Management. Portfolio management; Investments; Stocks; Wealth; Finance, Personal

(Fidelity - founded 1946), Diana B. Henriques (1995). Fidelity's World: The Secret Life and Public Power of the Mutual Fund Giant. (New York, NY: Scribner, 416 p.). Business Reporter-New York Times. Fidelity Investments (Firm); Mutual Funds-United States. Fidelity - the corporation and its environment: consumer company marketing "products" to satisfy every taste, rather than group sober fiduciaries who considered investors as shareholders and themselves as trustees.

(Greenlight Capital), David Einhorn; foreword by Joel Greenblatt (2008). Fooling Some of the People All of the Time: A Long, Short Story. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 400 p.). Founder, Greenlight Capital. Allied Capital--Management--Evaluation; Allied Capital--Accounting--Evaluation; Small business investment companies--United States--Management--Evaluation. Events that followed speech about shorting Allied Capital (leader in private finance industry);  how Allied, investment community attacked to protect  company, its stock price; how current environment allows  such behavior, protects companies, attacks those who attempt to uncover them.

(Incorporated Investors), Amory Parker (1946). Twenty Crucial Years; The Story of Incorporated Investors, A Pioneer Investment Company, 1925-1945. (Boston, MA: Parker Corporation, 126 p.). Incorporated Investors.

(Legg Mason), Janet Lowe (2002). The Man Who Beats the S&P: Investing with Bill Miller. (New York, NY: Wiley, 262 p.). \Miller, Bill, 1950- ; Investments.

(L.T.C.M.), Nicholas Dunbar (2000). Inventing Money: The Story of Long-Term Capital Management and the Legends Behind It. (New York, NY: Wiley, 245 p.). British financial journalist. Long-term Capital Management (Firm); Finance; Financial crises.

(L.T.C.M.), Roger Lowenstein (2000). When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management. (New York, NY: Random House. Former Wall Street Journal Reporter. Hedge funds--United States. 

(Marathon Asset Management), Edward Chancellor (2004). Capital Accounts: A Money Manager's Reports on a Turbulent Decade (1993-2002). ( New York, NY: Texere, 272 p.). Investment advisors; Money management. 

(Mercury Asset Management), Peter Stormonth Darling (2000). City Cinderella: The Life and Times of Mercury Asset Management. (New York, NY: Texere, 284 p.). Chairman of Mercury Asset Management from 1979 to 1992. Warburg, Siegmund; Mercury Asset Management; investment advisors.

(MotherRock LP), Ben Mezrich (2007). Rigged: The True Story of an Ivy League Kid Who Changed the World of Oil, from Wall Street to Dubai. (New York, NY: Morrow, 294 p.). Columnist for Stuff magazine and Boston Common. D’Agostino, John; Petroleum industry and trade--United States--Biography; Businesspeople--United States--Biography. Founding Partner and COO of MotherRock LP (energy hedge fund). Rags-to-riches story of Italian-American kid from streets of Brooklyn; Harvard Business School, Merc Exchange (oil exchange), adventure to revolutionize oil trading industry.

(Odyssey Partners), Leon Levy with Eugene Linden ; foreword by Alan Abelson (2002). The Mind of Wall Street: A Legendary Financier on the Perils of Greed and the Mysteries of the Market. (New York, NY: Public Affairs, 220 p.). Founder, Oppenheimer Funds. Wall Street; Investments--United States; Speculation--United States.

(PIMCO), Timothy Middleton (2004). The Bond King: Investment Secrets from PIMCO's Bill Gross. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 223 p.). Gross, William H.; Bonds; Bond market; Investments. 

(Pioneer Funds - established 1928), Philip L. Carret (1998). Classic Carret: Common Sense from an Uncommon Man. (Boston, MA: Pioneer Group, 100 p.). Carret, Philip L. (Philip Lord), b. 1896 --Quotations; Business--Quotations, maxims, etc.; Economics--Quotations, maxims, etc. Published in honor of Pioneer Fund's 70th birthday and a memorial to its founder, Philip L. Carret (d. May 28, 1998).

(Scudder), Scudder, Stevens & Clark (1994). The History of Scudder, Stevens, & Clark : 75 years. (Boston, MA: Scudder, Stevens & Clark, 173 p.). Scudder, Stevens & Clark--History; Investment advisors--Massachusetts--Boston--History--20th century; Securities industry--United States--History--20th century; Financial services industry--United States--History--20th century.

(Third Millennium Russia Fund), John T. Connor; with Lawrence P. Milford (2008). Out of the Red: Investment and Capitalism in Russia. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 205 p.). Founder, Portfolio Manager of the Third Millennium Russia Fund, U.S., S.E.C.-registered mutual fund specializing in equities of Russian public companies; Equity Analyst for Third Millennium Russia Fund. Investments --Russia (Federation); Capitalism --Russia (Federation); Russia (Federation) --Economic policy. Industry overview, history, advice on how to invest in industries (steel/metals, oil and gas, auto, real estate, banking, retail); 60 viable companies; currency, oil, political risks.

(Tiger Management), Daniel A. Strachman (2004). Julian Robertson: A Tiger in the Land of Bulls and Bears. (New York, NY: Wiley, 288 p.). Managing Director of Answers Company. Robertson, Julian; Tiger Management; Hedge Funds. 

(Traxis Partners), Barton Biggs (2006). HedgeHogging. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 256 p.). Formerly Head of Investment Strategy (Morgan Stanley). Hedge funds. Battle for investing survival. 

(Traxis Partners), Barton Biggs (2008). Wealth, War, and Wisdom. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 358 p.). 30-year veteran of Morgan Stanley (formed firm’s number one-ranked research department, built its investment management business, served as chairman of investment management firm).  Stock exchanges--History--20th century; Investments--History--20th century; World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects; Wealth. "The wisdom of markets" prevails, even in most turbulent of eras: how perilous times affect financial markets, how investors can benefit; how turning points of World War II intersected market performance, can help 21st century investor comprehend perilous times, choose best strategies for modern market economy.

(Treynor Capital Management Inc.), Jack L. Treynor (2007). Treynor on Institutional Investing. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 574 p.). President of Treynor Capital Management, Inc; Former Editor of the Financial Analysts Journal. Institutional investments; Portfolio management. Investment insights: from seminal presentation of CAPM at MIT in 1962 to papers that introduced modern risk, performance measurement to revolutionary paper on inflation;  controversial proposals on trading strategy, stock valuation.

(Vanguard), Robert Slater (1997). John Bogle and the Vanguard Experiment: One Man's Quest to Transform the Mutual Fund Industry. (Chicago, IL: Irwin, 270 p.). Bogle, John C.; Vanguard Group of Investment Companies-History; Mutual Funds-United States-History.

(Vanguard), John C. Bogle (2001). John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years. (New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 455 p.). Vanguard Group of Investment Companies; Investments; Securities; Mutual funds; Portfolio management.

(Vanguard), John C. Bogle (2002). Character Counts: The Creation and Building of The Vanguard Group. (NewYork, NY: McGraw-Hill, 333 p.). Bogle, John C.; Vanguard Group of Investment Companies; Chief executive officers--United States--Biography; Mutual funds--United States.

(Vanguard), John C. Bogle (2005). The Battle for the Soul of Capitalism. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 288 p.). Founder, Former CEO of the Vanguard Mutual Funds. Capitalism--United States; Corporations--United States; Investments--United States; Mutual funds--United States. Jeremiad against corporate excess.

(Velocity Capital Management), Andy Kessler (2004). Running Money: Hedge Fund Honchos, Monster Markets, and My Hunt for the Big Score. (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 320 p.). Co-founder and President. Hedge funds. 

Thomas A. Bass (1999). The Predictors. (New York, NY: Holt, 309 p.). Investment advisors; Stock price forecasting; Economic forecasting; Investment analysis.

Richard Bookstaber (2007). A Demon of Our Own Design: Markets, Hedge Funds, and the Perils of Financial Innovation. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 276 p.). Manager of FrontPoint Partners, Former Managing Director for Risk Management at Salomon Brothers, Member of Salomon's Risk Management Committee. Hedge funds; Risk management. Liquidity begets greater leverage; innovation creates greater complexity; structure demands nonhuman level of rationality; twofold solution: 1) reduce complexity, 2) break tight coupling of transactions. 

Peter Brimelow (1986). The Wall Street Gurus : How You Can Profit from Investment Newsletters. (New York, NY: Random House, 238 p.). Investment advisors; Investment analysis.

Hugh Bullock (1959). The Story of Investment Companies (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 305 p.). Mutual Funds-United States.

Jonathan Burton (2001). Investment Titans: Investment Insights from the Minds that Move Wall Street. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 278 p.). Investments--United States; Investment analysis; Securities--United States.

Katherine Burton (2007). Hedge Hunters: Hedge Fund Masters on the Rewards, the Risk, and the Reckoning. (New York, NY: New York, NY, 206 p.). Reporter (Bloomberg News). Hedge funds; Investment advisors. Personal journeys, strategies for producing outstanding returns, characteristics that make great investor, attributes most important to job.

Michael J. Clowes (2000). The Money Flood: How Pension Funds Revolutionized Investing. (New York, NY: Wiley, 308 p.). Pension trusts--Investments--United States.

Douglas J. Donnelly (1994). The Money Monarchs: The Secrets of 10 of America's Best Investment Managers. (Burr Ridge, IL: Business One Irwin, 222 p.). Investment advisors--United States; Investments--United States.

Steven Drobny (2006). Inside the House of Money: Top Hedge Fund Traders on Profiting in a Global Market. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 384 p.). Cofounder of Drobny Global Advisors. Hedge funds; Mutual funds; Investment advisors; Portfolio management; Investments. Thirteen interviews with the industry's best minds.

Charles D. Ellis, with James R. Vertin (2001). Wall Street People: True Stories of Today's Masters and Moguls. (New York, NY: Wiley, 342 p.). Investment advisors--United States.

--- (2003). Wall Street People: True Stories of the Great Barons of Finance. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 276 p.). Investment advisors--United States.

Ben Finkelstein (2006). The Politics of Public Fund Investing: How To Modify Wall Street to Fit Main Street. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 208 p.). Investment of public funds--United States; Local finance--United States. Fixed-income portfolio management while balancing politics (preserve principal), with economics (optimize income). 

Richard Folcker (2001). Derivatives Diary: The Strategies of an Independent Fund Manager. (New York, NY: Wiley, 128 p.). Management Consultant Specializing in Global Risk Management. Investment advisors; Investment analysis--Marketing; Derivative securities. 

Albert J. Fredman, Russ Wiles (1993). How Mutual Funds Work (New York, NY: New York Institute of Finance). Mutual funds; Investments.

Ed. Gilbert E. Kaplan and Chris Welles. With an introd. by 'Adam Smith.' (1969). The Money Managers. (New York, NY: Random House, 261 p.). Publisher of Institutional Investor, Journalist, respectively. Investment advisors--United States. "Profiles ... based on articles which originally appeared in The institutional investor."

Scott Kays (2005). Five Key Lessons from the Top Managers. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 278 p.). Founder, Kays Financial Advisory Corporation (over $100 million in client assets). Portfolio management; Investment analysis; Investment advisors. Different investment styles, five common principles.

Kirk Kazanjian (2000). Wizards of Wall Street: Market-Beating Insights and Strategies from the World's Top-Performing Mutual Fund Managers (New York, NY: New York Institute of Finance, 359 p.). Mutual funds--United States; Stocks--United States; Investments--United States; Investment advisors--New York (State)--New York--Interviews; Stockbrokers--New York (State)--New York--Interviews; Stock exchanges--New York (State)--New York.

Ari Kiev (2005). Hedge Fund Masters: How Top Hedge Fund Traders Set Goals, Overcome Barriers, and Achieve Peak Performance. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 272 p.). President of the Social Psychiatry Research Institute (stress management and performance enhancement). Hedge funds; Investment analysis; Floor traders (Finance). 

Norman King (1983). The Money Messiah$. (New York, NY: Coward-McCann, 221 p.). Investment advisors--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--Biography.

James A. Kujaca (1996). The Trillion Dollar Promise: An Inside Look at Corporate Pension Money, How Its Managed, and for Whose Benefit. (Chicago, IL: Irwin Professional Pub., 191 p.). Pension trusts--United States--Management; Pension trusts--United States--Investments; Pension trusts--Corrupt practices--United States.

Michael F. Lane (2000). Secrets of the Wealth Makers: Top Money Managers Reveal Their Investing Wisdom. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 217 p.). Investments; Finance, Personal; Investment advisors. Showcases the proven wealth-building tactics of the best and brightest financial advisors in the country.

Dean LeBaron, Romesh Vaitilingam (2002). Dean LeBaron's Treasury of Investment Wisdom: 30 Great Investing Minds. (New York, NY: Wiley, 310 p.). Founder (Batterymarch Financial Management). Investments; Stock exchanges.

Louis Lowenstein (2008). The Investor’s Dilemma: How Mutual Funds Are Betraying Your Trust and What To Do About It. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 220 p.). Simon Rifkind Professor Emeritus of Finance and Law, Columbia Law School. Mutual funds--United States; Investments. Fund families have become behemoths, primary goal to collect more assets; investors suffer; how highly overpaid are mutual fund managers; how they consistently cost investors through unreasonable fees, expenses; maze of conflicts of interest, financial double-dealing; fund.

Martin Mayer (1969). New Breed on Wall Street: The Young Men Who Make the Money Go. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 128 p.). Investment advisors--United States; Institutional investments--United States.

Ben Mezrich (2004). Ugly Americans: The True Story of the Ivy League Cowboy Who Raided Asia in Search of the American Dream. (New York, NY: Morrow, 288 p.). Capitalists and financiers--Japan--Biography; Americans--Japan--Biography; Hedge funds--Japan. 

Louis Navellier (2007). The Little Book That Makes You Rich. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 208 p.). Newsletter Editor (25+ years) - Recommendations have gained over 4,806 percent in last 22 years (confirmed by The Hulbert Financial Digest). Stocks; Investments. How to find stocks poised for rapid price increases, regardless of overall stock market direction; statistical, quantitative measures needed to measure risk, reward along path to profitable growth stock investing; specific tools for selecting stocks based on factors that years of research have proven to lead to growth stock profits.

Ronald D. Orol (2008). Extreme Value Hedging: How Activist Hedge Fund Managers Are Taking on the World. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 370 p.). Senior Writer for The Deal and The Daily Deal. Hedge funds; Hedging (Finance). Rise to power in  U.S. of activist hedge fund managers, how they spread their influence around globe (China, Ukraine, South Korea,  Sweden). 

Robert C. Pozen; editorial assistance by Sandra D. Crane (2002). The Mutual Fund Business (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 589 p. [2nd ed.]). Mutual funds--United States--Case studies.

Michael D. Sheimo (2000). Mutual Fund Rules: 50 Essential Axioms to Explain and Examine Mutual Fund Investing (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 247 p.). Mutual funds--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

R. J. Shook (2005). The Winner's Circle: Wall Street's Best Mutual Fund Managers. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 238 p.). Mutual funds--United States; Investment advisors--United States; Success in business. 

Michael Steinhardt (2001). No Bull: My Life In and Out of the Markets. (New York, NY: Wiley, 289 p.). Hedge Fund Manager. Steinhardt, Michael; Capitalists and financiers--United States--Biography; Investments--United States. 

Peter Tanous, with a foreword by Andrew Tobias and a preface by Richard C. Breeden (1997). Investment Gurus : A Road Map to Wealth from the World's Best Money Managers. (New York, NY: New York Institute of Finance, 414 p.). President (Lynx Investment Advisory, LLC). Investment advisors--United States--Interviews; Stocks; Portfolio management. 

Peter Temple (2001). Hedge Funds: The Courtesans of Capitalism. (New York, NY: Wiley, 271 p.). Former Investment Analyst for a Fund. Hedge funds; Hedge funds--United States; Capitalism. 

Michael Useem (1996). Investor Capitalism: How Money Managers Are Changing the Face of Corporate America. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 332 p.). Institutional investments -- United States; Investment advisors.

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Business History Links

100 Women in Hedge Funds  http://www.100womeninhedgefunds.org/                                      Formed in December 2001 and incorporated as 100 Women in Hedge Funds Association, Inc. in July 2003. The aim is to help advance the hedge fund industry and the business activities of professional women within it. We aim to provide our members and associates with high-level contacts, services and information that will enhance and strengthen their organizations. We sponsor educational programs and seminars, as well as social events, designed to facilitate broader knowledge and opportunity for our colleagues. Members and associates are expected to contribute their talents, expertise and leadership toward the development and implementation of programs and services that enrich one another.

Centre for Hedge Fund Research and Education (London Business School) http://www.london.edu/facultyresearch4255.html                  Established in 2000 as a response to the recent rapid growth in investor interest in hedge funds and the demand for a greater understanding of what remains for many, a highly complex world, characterised by intricate investment methodologies.