1910
- Angelo Zegna, watchmaker, opened wool mill (Lanificio Zegna) in
Trivero, in the Alpine foothills near Biella; taken over by
Ermenegildo Zegna (youngest of 10) to produce top quality textiles
for men’s clothing by selecting finest raw materials, introducing
product and process innovations, actively promoting brand; end of
the 1930s - employed over 1,000 people; 1938
- exported to United States; 1960s - Angelo, Aldo
(grandsons) took over management of Ermenegildo Zegna e Figli;
made transition from exclusive production of fabrics to tailoring
of high quality suits for men, internationalization of production;
1972 - launched Made to Measure business; 1980
- opened first mono brand store in Paris; 1999 -
acquired Lanerie Agnona S.p.A.; 2002 - acquired
Guida, owner of Longhi brand; set up a 50-50 joint venture (ZeFer)
with Salvatore Ferragamo Group to develop global scale footwear,
leather goods business; 2006 - fourth generation
management, sales of 779.4 million euros.
1913 -
Mario Prada founded Fratelli Prada ("Prada Brothers), Prada, SpA;
designed, sold handbags, shoes, trunks, suitcases though two boutiques
in Milan; 1978 - Miuccia Prada (granddaughter) inherited
what was still a leather goods business from her mother, led company's
expansion into couture; early 1990s - acquired financially
floundering Rome-based house of Fendi (sold to LVMH).
1913
- T.L. Williams, a Chicago chemist, created Maybelline Mascara for
his sisters; blended vaseline jelly with coal dust, concocted a
lash -darkener; first mascara; 1915 - founded
Maybelline Co. (named after his sister, Mabel, and Vaseline);
began as mail-order product; magazine advertisements drove sales;
1917 - first compact mascara launched; 1920
- eyeshadow launched; 1930 - eyeliners introduced;
February 17, 1942 - Maybelline Co. registered "Maybelline"
trademark first used May 5, 1920 (mascara, eyebrow pencils, eye
shadow, eyelash and eyebrow cream, eye drops); 1960s - introduced
Ultra Lash, waterproof formula in tube dispenser, first
mass-market automatic mascara; 1967 - acquired by
Plough Inc.; 1970 - foundation, lip, nail lines introduced;
1971 - Great Lash launched; America’s #1 best -selling
cosmetic product; 1990 - acquired by Wasserstein Perella;
1996 - acquired by L’Oréal.
November 4, 1914
- Edna Woodman Chase, "Vogue" magazine, organized first fashion show, at Ritz-Carlton Hotel in New York City.
1921 -
Guccio Gucci (formerly of London's Savoy Hotel) opened leather-goods
company, small luggage store in Florence; 1950's - green-red-green web
(derived from saddle girth) became brand identifier; 1953
- sons take over (Aldo, Vasco, Ugo, Rodolfo); end of 1960's
- interlocking double 'G' logo introduced; 1982 - Maurizio
Gucci (Rodolfo's son) owned 50% of company; 1984 - Domenic
De Sole named President of Gucci America; late 1987-89 -
Bahrain-based Investcorp acquired 50% of company from Aldo Gucci and
descendants; 1993 - Investcorp acquired remaining 50% of
stock from Maurizio Gucci; 1994 - Tom Ford became creative director;
1995 - De Sole named CEO; 1999 - entered
strategic alliance with Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR), became multi-brand
group; 34% Gucci Group shares acquired by LVMF; December 1999
- acquired Yves Saint Laurent, YSL Beaute; February 2001 -
acquired 66.7% of Bottega Veneta (increased to 78.5% in July);
July 2004 - fully acquired by PPR; De Sole, Ford resigned.
May 5, 1921
- Chanel No. 5 perfume launched.
1922
- Enid Bissett, partner with Ida Rosenthal in Enid Frocks, custom
dress business on New York's West 57th Street, restructured boyish
form bandeau to have two cups separated by center piece of
elastic; William Rosenthal (husband) created garment shape to
support natural contours of bust; named it Maiden Form (later
Maidenform®) Brassiere; sold undergarment separately;
1923 - incorporated;
1925 - formed Enid
Manufacturing Company, produced Maidenform® Brassiere exclusively;
1930 - name changed to Maiden Form Brassiere Company;
April 24, 1934 - William Rosenthal, of New York, NY,
received a patent for a "Brassiere" ("adapted to support the bust
in a natural position"); assigned to Maiden Form Brassiere Co.;
November 6, 1934 - received second patent for a
"Brassiere"; assigned to Maiden Form Brassiere Co.; first intimate
apparel company to advertise on buses, billboards, local window
and store-counter card displays, radio; 1949 - first
"I Dreamed" ad (featured women in their bras acting out fantasies
of independence in public places; ran through 1969); September 4, 1951
- Maiden Form Brasserie Co., Inc. registered "Maidenform"
trademark first used January 1, 1924 (brassieres, bandeaux,
corsets, corselettes, panties, pantie-girdles, girdles, and garter
belts); 1960 - company renamed Maidenform, Inc.;
1997 - filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection;
1999 - emerged fro, bankruptcy; Oaktree Capital
Management, LLC majority owner.
1931
- Lawrence M. Gelb, New York chemist whose chemical manufacturing
business fell victim to the Depression, found European product,
hair dye, to sell in America; acquired distribution rights to
European hair color preparation named Clairol (penetrated hair
shaft, produced softer, more natural-looking tones); became
foundation of family business; introduced Instant Clairol Oil
Shampoo Tint to hair color to beauty salons; hair lightened,
tinted, conditioned, shampooed in only one step, in only 20
minutes; April 18, 1933 - Friedrich Klein (of
Berlin, Germany) registered "Clairol" trademark first used in
January 1931 (pharmaceutical preparations-namely hair dyes and
hair lotions); May 27, 1941 - Clairol, Incorporated
registered "Clairol" trademark first used in January 1931 (hair
tints, hair dye, hair washes, shampoo, and hair dye removers);
1950s - introduced Miss Clairol Hair Color Bath,
home-use hair dye (easier to use, colors were better, effects
lasted longer); launched home-coloring market; turned hair
coloring from difficult-to-use specialty item into highly
successful mainstream consumer product; 1959 -
acquired by Bristol-Myers; 2001 - acquired by
Procter & Gamble for $4.95 billion.
March 1, 1932
- Charles and Joseph Revson, along with chemist, Charles Lachman
(contributed the "L" in the REVLON name), founded Revlon; pooled their
resources, developed unique manufacturing process (used pigments instead
of dyes) for single product - nail enamel; offered to women a
rich-looking, opaque nail enamel in wide variety of shades never before
available; sold to beauty salons; 1937 - sold through
department stores, selected drugstores; 1938 - company
became multimillion dollar organization; 1941 - virtual
monopoly on beauty salon sales; June
18, 1957 - Revlon Inc. registered "Revlon" trademark first used
May 17, 1950 (shampoo); 1973
- Charlie® fragrance introduced; designed for a young, working woman
market (1977 - sales passed $1 billion mark); 1985
- acquired by subsidiary of MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings.
March 25, 1937
- The first perfumed ad appeared in the Washington, DC "Daily News".
April 6, 1937
- Bausch & Lomb introduced Ray-Ban to public, high-end
manufacturer of sunglasses; aviator sunglasses commissioned in
1936 for pilot use by United States Air Force; November 1, 1938 - registered 'Ray-Ban'
trademark first used April 6, 1937 (goggles); 1999 - acquired by Luxotica
Group.
October 24, 1939
- Nylon (first man-made fibre made exclusively from mineral sources -
strong, elastic, moth-proof and did not absorb moisture) stockings were
sold publicly for the first time to employees at DuPont's Wilmington,
Delaware nylon factory; company specifically intended to compete with
silk in the women's hosiery market (eventually replaced silk stockings);
May 15, 1940 - nationwide sales began.
1945
- Master tailor Nazareno Fonticoli, fashion designer Gaetano
Savini opened Brioni Atelier, suit shop, in Rome's central Via
Barberini; company named "Brioni" after resort island on coast of
Adriatic Sea; 1952 - first men's tailored clothing
show at Palazzo Pitti; 1961 - began
wholesale distribution in United States;
1990 - Umberto Angeloni became
CEO; opened 23
boutiques in most prestigious cities, resorts in world, “hubs” for
International Jet Set; expanded line into women’s
haute-couture fashion; 2000 - sales of $150 million,
eight hand-production factories, diverse product line.
September 11, 1945 -
Toni, Incorporated (St. Paul, MN) registered "Toni" trademark first used
August 1, 1944 (home permanent waving kit).
1946
- Jerry and Eileen Ford started a modeling agency in an apartment
on East side of Manhattan; introduced payment system (models paid
in advance of their work), established 5-day work week (models
paid on Friday, less 10% Ford fee); December 2007 -
acquired by Stone Tower Equity Partners.
July 5, 1946
- The bikini, first two-piece bathing suit, made debut during an outdoor
fashion show at the Piscine Molitor, a popular swimming pool in Paris;
designed by Louis Reard, named after South Pacific atoll where the
atomic bomb was being tested in World War II; invented by another
Parisian, Jacques Heim. modeled by Parisian showgirl Micheline
Bernardini, an exotic dancer at the Casino de Paris, who had no qualms
about appearing nearly nude in public. Two French designers, Jacques
Heim and Louis Reard, developed competing prototypes of the bikini. Heim
called his the "atom" and advertised it as "the world's smallest bathing
suit." Reard's swimsuit, which was basically a bra top and two inverted
triangles of cloth connected by string, was in fact significantly
smaller. Made out of a scant 30 inches of fabric, Reard promoted his
creation as "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard's
business soared, and in advertisements he kept the bikini mystique alive
by declaring that a two-piece suit wasn't a genuine bikini "unless it
could be pulled through a wedding ring.
1949 - Charles Evans (salesman in
aunt's clothing store), Joseph Picone (father's tailor) formed Evan-Picone
partnership to create sample from designs of fly-fronts on women's
skirts (believed they would work as well as on men's trousers); became
successful manufacturer of women's sportswear; 1962 -
acquired by Revlon.
1950 -
Pierre Cardin opened fashion house on Rue Richepanse; 1953
- presented first collection; 1954 - introduced "bubble
dresses"; opened first boutiques in Paris: EVE, then ADAM; 1959
- first time collection of ready-to-wear for women at Printemps
department store in Paris; 1961 - started distribution of
ready-to-wear and accessories for men; 1963 - same for
women; 1979 - first foreign couturier to present
collection in China; 1986 - signed contract with USSR for
local production of ready-to-wear for men, women children.
1950 -
Hazel Gladys Bishop established Hazel Bishop, Inc. to manufacture
"Lasting Lipstick"; enlisted help of advertising professional Raymond
Spector; introduced non-smear ("stays on you not on him") kissproof
lipstick (stayed on the lips longer than any other product then
available) for $1 per tube; 1951 - Spector partner forced
her out of the $10 million company she created.
1950s
- Los Angeles-based chemist named Alberto introduced Alberto VO5
Conditioning Hairdressing (five organic emollients) to rejuvenate
hair of Hollywood movie stars damaged by beaming studio lights;
Blaine Culver, business partner, started beauty products company;
acquired by Leonard (36) and Bernice Lavin for $40,000; renamed
Albert-Culver Co.; discontinued all products but VO5;
February 25, 1958 - Lobco, Inc. (dba Alberto-Culver Co.)
registered "Alberto VO5" trademark first used in January 1939
(preparation used as a hair dressing and as a hair scalp
conditioner); became number one brand in its category; 1961
- went public; 1969 - acquired Sally Beauty Company,
Inc.; 1972 - persuaded television networks to
abandon policies of only selling 60-second commercial spots;
bought 30-second ads, ran two commercials back to back; 1983
- introduced Mrs. Dash line of herbs, spices.
1954
- Jacques Courtin opened Institut Clarins beauty salon on Rue Tronchet
in Paris; named for Clarins, Roman jailer saved Christians from being
devoured at the Coliseum by overfeeding lions; founded Clarins to
produce luxury skin-care products, makeup made primarily from plant
extracts; 2006 - $1.2 billion in sales.
1961
- Leonardo Del Vecchio founded Luxottica s.a.s., limited
partnership, in Agordo; employed ten people, contract manufacturer
of eyewear parts; 1971 - only business became
manufacture, sale of finished eyeglass frames; first collection
presented at MIDO (International Exhibition of Optics, Optometry
and Ophthalmology) in Milan; 1974 - acquired Italian
firm Scarrone, its first distribution company; 1988
- signed license agreement with Giorgio Armani; 1995
- acquired US Shoe Corporation, owner of LensCrafters, direct
distribution through largest optical retail chain in North America
(870 stores); 1999 - acquired Ray-Ban (best known
sunwear brand in world); 2001 - acquired Sunglass
Hut, Inc., largest sunwear store chain in world (more than 1,550
sales points in North America, approximately 300 stores throughout
the rest of world); consolidated direct market penetration);
2007 - 27 brands, approximately 52,000 employees
worldwide; June 20, 2007 - agreed to acquire Oakley
Inc. in an all-cash deal worth about $2.1 billion.
1962
- Valentino Garavani debuted Valentino
fashions in Florence; teamed with Giancarlo Giammetti to form
business; 1998 - sold company for approximately $300 million to
HdP, Italian conglomerate controlled, in part, by Gianni Agnelli,
head of Fiat; 2002 - acquired by Marzotto Apparel,
Milan-based textile company, for $210 million; May 16, 2007
- controlling interest (29.6%) in Valentino Fashion Group SpA
acquired by Permira Advisers (Europe's biggest buyout fund) for
$1.06 billion.
1965 - Luciano, Gilberto, Carlo,
Giuliana
Benetton founded Benetton Group.
May 1967
- Ralph Lauren established Polo label with successful line (26 boxes) of
ties (wide, handmade ties using unexpected, flamboyant, opulent
materials); 1969 - established first shop-within-a-shop
designer boutique for men in Bloomingdale’s in New York City; 1971
- introduced women's line; opened first store in Beverly Hills, CA;
first American designer with his own freestanding store; February
5, 1974 - registered 'Polo by Ralph Lauren' trademark (men's
suits, slacks, ties, sweaters, shoes, shirts, hats, belts, socks, and
ladies' blouses, skirts, suits and dresses); July 29, 1975
- Polo Fashions, Inc. registered 'Chaps by Ralph Lauren' trademark
(jackets, pants, suits and slacks; brand name first used January 23,
1974); 1986 - opened flagship store in Rhinelander mansion
(Madison Avenue at 72nd Street); 2002 - $10 billion global
business.
1970
- Sidney Kimmel founded, became President of Jones Apparel
Division of W. R. Grace; 1975 - acquired by Kimmel
and partner, renamed Jones Apparel Group; May 15, 1991
- went public; 1996 - sales of $1 billion;
1993 - acquired Evan-Picone label; October 1998
- acquired Sun Apparel, Inc; June 1999
- acquired Nine West Group Inc.; December 2004 -
acquired Barney's New York, Inc.; for $400 million; June 22,
2007 - sold to Istithmar, investment arm of Dubai
government, for $825 million.
1975
- Charlie Clifford, former Peace Corps volunteer, founded Tumi
Inc. (named for an Inca god), imported leather duffle bags from
Colombia; 1980s - introduced garment bag; 1997
- opened first store in Santa Monica, CA; October 2002 -
Oaktree Capital Management, LLC, Los Angeles-based private equity
firm, acquired controlling interest; October 2004 -
acquired by Doughty Hanson (UK buyout firm) for $276 million.
1976
- Liz Claiborne, relatively unknown dress designer, Art Ortenberg
(husband in textiles, former boss for 20 years),
Leonard Boxer and Jerome Chazen established Liz Claiborne Inc.
with less than half a million dollars; design-driven company to
provide ensemble driven sportswear, available for many years at
designer level prices (Calvin Klein, Bill Blass), affordable for
the working woman; worked with retailers to test concept of
presenting all brand's related sportswear pieces in one
department, streamlined consumer's shopping experience; 1981
- went public (sales of $117 million, net income of $20 million); 1985
- first company founded by a woman to be listed in Fortune 500;
1990 - largest women's apparel maker (sales of $1.4
billion, 35 million garments shipped); 2006 - sales
of $5 billion.
1980
- John Paul DeJoria (formerly
of Redken Laboratories, leading professional salon product
company), Paul Mitchell
(hairdresser) established partnership with borrowed $700.00;
launched professional hair care system around new styling method,
hair sculpting, and new styling product, Hair Sculpting Lotion;
eventually become known as John Paul Mitchell Systems; products
marketed under brand name Paul Mitchell; traveled extensively,
conducted no-cost product demonstrations for salon owners,
promised to buy back any unsold products; 1989 -
Paul Mitchell died; 2007 - retail sales of
approximately $800 million, over 90 products.
September 1982
- Kenneth Cole incorporated Kenneth
Cole Productions, Inc.; debut collection of ladies' footwear (followed
in father's footsteps, former senior executive of El Greco, Inc., shoe
manufacturing, design company, manufactured CANDIES women's shoes) from
40-foot trailer truck parked on 6th Avenue, across from shoe industry
trade show HQ at New York Hilton; sold 40,000 pairs of shoes (entire
stock) in two and a half days; 1984 - first public service
campaign (AIDS Research); 1985,1994 - sales of $84.9
million; opened Bloomingdale's Manhattan flagship concept shop;
1996 - operated 17 retail stores in United States, store in
Amsterdam, Singapore; 2005 - sales at record level of $518
million; products sold in more than 7,500 department, specialty stores,
through Consumer Direct business (more than 80 retail, outlet stores,
consumer catalogs, interactive websites).
1985 -
Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana founded Dolce & Gabbana, leading
international luxury goods groups; 2005 - annual sales of
1,151.3 million euros; December 2006 - over 3,000
employees, retail network of 87 stores, 11 factory outlets.
1987 -
Joseph Abboud founded JA Apparel Corp; owns Joseph Abboud brand name;
menswear label has grown into a $150 million worldwide wholesaler,
retailer, and licensor of men?s clothing, accessories, and home
furnishings; 2000 - sold for $65 million to RCS MediaGroup.
1988
- Rembrandt Group Limited of South Africa (founded by Anton
Rupert, now Remgro Limited) spun off international assets owned;
formed Compagnie Financiere Richemont AG; owns minority holding in
Cartier Monde SA. Rothmans International (holds investments in
Cartier monde, Alfred Dunhill, Montblanc, Chloé); 1989
- acquired Philip Morris's 30% interest in Rothmans International;
1993 - separated tobacco, luxury goods operations
into Rothmans International BV/PLC, Vendôme Luxury Group SA/PLC;
1988 - bought out Vendôme Luxury Group minority
shareholders; 2003 - completed acquisition of
control of Van Cleef & Arpels.
July 15, 1997
- Fashion designer Gianni Versace was shot to death outside his home in
Miami; suspected gunman Andrew Phillip Cunanan was found dead eight days
later.
March 17, 2006
- The Body Shop agreed to $1.2 billion takeover by the
French cosmetics firm L'Oréal; 1976 - started in Brighton, UK as
ethical alternative to traditional approach to cosmetics; 2,085
branches worldwide, 304 in UK.
March 12, 2007
- The Weinstein Company and Hilco Consumer Capital announced that they
had acquired Halston (brokered by Jimmy Choo) from Neema Clothing for an
undisclosed amount.
February 13, 2008
- Liz Claiborne agreed to sell Ellen Tracy Brand to group of
investors including Radius Partners and Windsong Brands for up to
$42 million in cash.
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workers--Mexico--Aguascalientes; Knit goods
industry--Mexico--Aguascalientes--Employees; Clothing
workers--Mexico--Aguascalientes; Globalization--Economic
aspects--United States--Case studies; Globalization--Economic
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What
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(1957).
Christian Dior and I. (New York, NY: Dutton, 251 p.).
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(Dior), Marie-France Pochna; translated from the French by Joanna
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Insight into workings of a great fashion house, private man behind
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Perry Ellis. (New York,
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Washing
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(Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance, 175 p.). Parham, Bettie Esther; Esther's
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(FUBU), Daymond John, with Daniel Paisner (2007).
Display of Power: How FUBU Changed a World of Fashion, Branding
and Lifestyle. (Nashville, TN: Naked Ink, 223 p.). Founder
and CEO of Fashion Label FUBU. FUBU; Costume design--United
States--History; Costume design--History. Began as bunch of
tie-top hats made in author's home in Hollis, Queens; mortgaged home
for $100,000, turned half of house into factory, other half for
living space for team of neighborhood friends. FUBU - originally
BUFU, By Us For Us.
(Princess Galitzine), Irene Galitzine (1996). Dalla Russia alla
Russia. (Milan, IT: Longanesi, 320 p.). Galitzine, Irene;
Fashion--Italy--Rome--History--20th century; Fashion
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(Giorgio Inc.), Steve Ginsberg (1989).
Reeking Havoc: The
Unauthorized Story of Giorgio. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 262
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(Gucci), Gerald McKnight (1987).
Gucci: A House Divided.
(New York, NY: D. I. Fine, 362 p.). Gucci (Firm); Clothing
trade--Italy; Clothing trade.
(Gucci), Sarah Gay Forden (2000).
The House of Gucci: A
Sensational Story of Murder, Madness, Glamour, and Greed (New
York, NY: HarperCollins, 351 p.). Gucci, Maurizio, 1948-1995; Gucci
(Firm); Businessmen--Italy--Biography; Clothing trade--Italy; Trials
(Murder)--Italy.
(Gucci), Tom Ford, Bridget Foley (2004).
Tom Ford. (New York,
NY: Rizzoli International, 304 p.). Former Creative Director (Gucci,
Yves Saint Laurent). Ford, Tom; Gucci; Yves Saint Laurent; Arts &
Photography; Fashion Design.
(Gucci), Sarah Mower (2006).
Gucci by Gucci. (New York, NY: Vendome Press, 456 p.). Fashion
Journalist; Contributing Editor to Vogue and Style.com. Gucci
(Firm)--History; Fashion design--Italy--History--20th century.
Story of
the brand, since 1921 inception in Florence, Italy; history of
Florentine family-owned saddler that has imprinted its name on fashion
consciousness; history of company, glorious visual exploration of its
far-reaching influence.
(Gucci), Jenny Gucci (2008).
Gucci Wars: How I Survived Murder and Intrigue at the Heart of the
World's Biggest Fashion House. (London, UK: John Blake
Publishing Ltd., 288 p.). Former Mrs. Paolo Gucci (grandson of
founder). Gucci. Former "Gucci wife"
(Paulo Gucci) reveals history of betrayal, jealousy,
murder; family torn apart by rivalry,
greed, in-fighting; Paolo became cruel, vindictive; refused to
support wife, daughter; starved his racehorses in attempt to plead poverty; fortune not
found after 13 years.
(Guerlain), Colette Fellous (1987).
Guerlain. (Paris, FR:
Denoel, 160 p.). Guerlain (History), Perfumes Industry (France) -
History.
(Guess Inc.), Christopher Byron (1992).
Skin Tight: The Bizarre
Story of Guess v. Jordache--Glamour, Greed, and Dirty Tricks in the
Fashion Industry. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 364 p.). Guess
(Firm)--Trials, litigation, etc.; Jordache (Firm)--Trials, litigation,
etc.; Trials (Fraud)--California--Los Angeles; Clothing trade--Corrupt
practices--United States.
(Haggar), Joy G. Spiegel (1978).
That Haggar Man: A Biographical
Portrait. (New York, NY: Random House, 149 p.). Haggar, J. M., 1892-
; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Men's clothing industry --
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(Haggar), Ed R. Haggar (2001).
"Big Ed" and the Haggar Family:
Behind an Apparel Giant. (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 207 p.). Haggar
Corporation--History; Men's clothing industry--Texas--History; Clothing
trade--Texas--History; Businessmen--Texas--Biography.
(Halston), Steven Gaines (1991).
Simply Halston: The Untold Story.
(New York, NY: Putnam, 320 p.). Halston, 1932-1990; Fashion
designers--United States--Biography.
(Halston), Elaine Gross & Fred Rottman (1999).
Halston: An American Original. (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 236
p.). Halston, 1932-1990; Fashion designers--United States--Biography;
Costume design--United States--History--20th century.
(Harper Method), Jane R. Plitt (2000).
Martha Matilda Harper and
the American Dream: How One Woman Changed the Face of Modern Business.
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 184 p.). Visiting Scholar
(University of Rochester). Harper, Martha Matilda--Biography;
Businesswomen--United States--Biography; Beauty shop supplies
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(Jergens), Paul F. Erwin (1965). With Lotions of Love.
(Cincinnati, OH: Author, 107 p.). Jergens (Andrew) Company.
(Calvin Klein), Steven Gaines and Sharon Churcher (1994).
Obsession: The Lives and Times of Calvin Klein. (New York, NY: Carol
Publishing Group, 414 p.). Klein, Calvin, 1942- ; Fashion
designers--United States--Biography.
(Calvin Klein), Lisa Marsh (2003).
The House of Klein: Fashion,
Controversy, and a Business Obsession. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 232 p.).
Fashion Reporter (New York Post). Klein, Calvin, 1942- ; Calvin Klein,
Inc.; Fashion designers United States Biography; Costume design United
States History 20th century.
(Koscot Interplanetary), John Frasca (1972).
The Unstoppable Glenn Turner. (Orlando, FL: Glenn W. Turner
Enterprises, 218 p.). Turner, Glenn, 1935- ; Success in business.
(Koscot Interplanetary), Glenn W. Turner (1994).
Turner, Turner, Turner: The King of Network Marketing. (Orlando,
FL: Glen W. Turner Enterprises, 330 p.). Turner, Glen W.; Koscot
Interplanetary; cosmetics industry--United States.
(Karl Lagerfeld), Alicia Drake (2006).
The Beautiful Fall: Lagerfeld, Saint Laurent, and Glorious Excess in
1970s Paris. (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 437 p.). Former
Contributing Editor (W, Paris Vogue). Lagerfeld, Karl; Saint Laurent,
Yves; haute couture; Paris -- 1970s. Bitter
rivalry between (German-born) Lagerfeld and (Algerian-born) Saint
Laurent.
(Jeanne Lanvin S.A.), Jerome Picon (2002).
Jeanne Lanvin.
(Paris, FR: Flammarion, 393 p.). Lanvin, Jeanne, 1867-1946;
Fashion designers--France--Biography; Women fashion
designers--France--Biography.
(Jeanne Lanvin S.A.), Dean L Merceron, Contribution by Alber
Elbaz and Harold Koda (2007).
Lanvin. (New York, NY: Rizzoli, 370 p.). Lanvin, Jeanne,
1867-1946; Lanvin S. A.; Fashion design--France--History--20th
century. House of Lanvin - oldest surviving couture house; key
collections from 1909 - 1946; currently
experiencing period of great acclaim, emerging as darling of
press, Hollywood, larger fashion community.
(Estee Lauder), Lee Israel (1985).
Estée Lauder: Beyond the Magic:
An Unauthorized Biography (New York, NY: Macmillan, 186 p.). Lauder,
Estée; Cosmetics industry--United States--Biography.
(Estee Lauder ), Estee Lauder (1985).
Estée: A Success Story. (New York, NY: Random House, 222 p.).
Founder, Estee Lauder, Inc. Lauder, Estée; Estée Lauder, Inc.--History;
Perfumes industry--United States; Cosmetics industry--United States;
Businesswomen--United States--Biography.
(L'Oréal), Michael Bar-Zohar (1996).
Bitter Scent: The Case of L'Oreal, Nazis and the Arab Boycott.
(New York, NY: Dutton, 264 p.). L'Oréal (Firm)--History;.
(L'Oréal), François Dalle (2001). L'Aventure L'Oréal. (Paris,
FR: Jacob, 395 p.). Former CEO (1957-1984). Dalle, François, 1918- ;
L'Oréal (Firm)--Officials and employees--Biography; Toilet preparations
industry--France--History--20th century.
(L'Oréal), Bruno Abescat (2002).
La Saga des Bettancourt: L'Oréal,
Une Fortune Française. (Paris, FR: Plon, 279 p.). Bettencourt,
André; Bettencourt, Liliane; L'Oréal (Firm)--History;
Businessmen--France--Biography; Business
enterprises--France--History--20th century.
(Luxottica Group), Giorgio Brunetti, Arnaldo Camuffo; con
un’Intervista a Leonardo del Vecchio (2000). Del Vecchio e
Luxottica: Come si diventa leader mondiali. (Torino, Italy:
UTET, 295 p.). Del Vecchio, Leonardo; Luxottica
(Firm)--Management; Businessmen--Italy--Biography;
Entrepreneurship--Italy--Case studies; Optical trade--Italy.
(LVMH), Claude Vincent, Philippe Monnin (1990). Guerre du Luxe:
l'Affaire LVMH. (Paris, FR: Editions F. Bourin, 211 p.). Louis
Vuitton Moët-Hennessy (Firm); Consolidation and merger of
corporations--France; Conglomerate corporations--France.
(LVMH), Nadège Forestier, Nazanine Ravaï. (1990). Bernard Arnault,
Ou, Le Goût Du Pouvoir (a Taste of Power) (Paris, FR: O. Orban, 303
p.). Arnault, Bernard, 1949- ; Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy
(Firm)--Management; Executives--France.
(LVMH), Airy Routier (2003).
L'Ange Exterminateur: La Vraie Vie de Bernard Arnault. (Paris,
FR: Albin Michel, 422 p.). Arnault, Bernard, 1949- ; Louis Vuitton Moët
Hennessy (Firm)--Management--History; Executives--France--Biography.
(Marilyn Miglin Institute), Marilyn Miglin (2002).
Best Face Forward. (Louisville, KY: Chicago Spectrum Press, 301
p.). Miglin, Marilyn; Businesswomen--Illinois--Chicago--Biography;
Cosmetics industry--Illinois--Chicago--Biography.
(John Paul Mitchell Systems), Jocelyn Fujii (1993).
Paul Mitchell: Man, Work, Vision: Who Was He? (Honolulu,
HI: The Paul Mitchell Trust, 112 p.). Mitchell, Paul, 1936-1989;
Beauty operators--United States--Biography; Beauty
operators--England--Biography; Hairdressing--United
States--Equipment and supplies.
(Mary Kay Cosmetics), Mary Kay Ash (1986).
Mary Kay (New York,
NY: Perennial, 200 p. [rev. ed.]). Founder, Mary Kay Cosmetics. Ash,
Mary Kay; Mary Kay Cosmetics; Cosmetics industry--United
States--Biography. Selling; Biography; Entrepreneur; Beauty, Personal;
Women- owned business enterprises.
(Mary Kay Cosmetics), Mary Kay Ash (1995).
Mary Kay, You Can Have
It All: Lifetime Wisdom from America's Foremost Woman Entrepreneur.
(Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 258 p.). Success in business; Success;
Businesswomen.
(M&M Products Company), Cornell McBride (2006).
A Cut Above: How Cornell McBride Made Millions in the Hair Biz.
(Lithonia, GA: MRL Pub., 252 p.). Hair preparations industry -- United
States. Invented Sta Sof Fro, one of the most
famous hair-care products in history.
(Occitane), Pierre Magnan; translated from the French by Richard
Seaver (2003).
The Essence of Provence: The Story of L'Occitane. (New York, NY:
Arcade Pub., 135 p.). Occitane (Firm)--History; Cosmetics
industry--France--Provence-Côte d'Azur; Soap trade--France--Provence-Côte
d'Azur.
(Pinault Printemps Redoute), Pierre Daix (1998).
François Pinault:
Essai Biographique. (Paris, FR: Editions de Fallois, 257 p.).
Pinault, François; Businessmen--France--Biography.
(Pinault Printemps Redoute), Caroline Monnot et Pierre-Angel Gay
(1999).
François Pinault Milliardaire, ou, Les Secrets d'Une
Incroyable Fortune. (Paris, FR: Balland, 238 P.). Pinault, François;
Businesspeople--France--Biography; Capitalists and
financiers--France--Biography; Millionaires--France--Biography.
(Pinault Printemps Redoute), Jean Bothorel (2003).
François
Pinault: Une Enfance Bretonne. (Paris, FR: Laffont, 153 p.). Pinault,
François; Businessmen--France--Biography.
(Polo), Jeffrey A.Trachtenberg (1988).
Ralph Lauren: The Man
Behind the Mystique (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 302 p.). Lauren,
Ralph; Fashion designers--United States--Biography.
(Polo), Colin McDowell (2001).
Ralph Lauren: The Man, the
Vision, the Style. (London, UK: Cassell, 203 p.). Lauren, Ralph;
Fashion designers--United States--Biography.
(Polo), Michael Gross (2003).
Genuine Authentic: The Real Life of
Ralph Lauren. (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 392 p.). Lauren, Ralph;
Fashion designers--United States--Biography.
(Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation), Ralph Lauren (2007).
Ralph Lauren. (New York, NY: Rizzoli, 500 p.). Founder,
Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation. Lauren, Ralph; Fashion
designers--United States--Biography. 1967 - designed neckties
under Polo label; only designer to receive CFDA’s four highest
honors. Author speaks candidly about himself, his art, peek into mind of one of America’s most
accomplished fashion designers of all times.
(Revlon), Andrew Tobias (1976).
Fire and Ice: The Story of
Charles Revson the Man Who Built the Revlon Empire (New York, NY:
Morrow, 282 p.). Revson, Charles, 1906-1975; Revlon, inc.; Cosmetics
industry--United States--History.
(Revlon), Richard Hack (1996).
When Money Is King: How Revlon's
Ron Perelman Mastered the World of Finance to Create One of America's
Greatest Business Empires, and Found Glamour, Beauty, and the High Life
in the Bargain
(Beverly Hills, CA: Dove Books, 285 p.). Perelman,
Ronald; Capitalists and financiers--United States--Biography;
Millionaires--United States--Biography.
(Helena Rubinstein), Patrick O'Higgins (1971).
Madame; An
Intimate Biography of Helena Rubinstein. (New York, NY: Viking,
296 p.). Rubinstein, Helena, 1870-1965.
(Helena Rubinstein), Lindy Woodhead (2004).
War Paint: Madame
Helena Rubinstein and Miss Elizabeth Arden: Their Lives, Their Times,
Their Rivalry. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 492 p.). Former Journalist,
Fashion PR Executive. Rubinstein, Helena, 1870-1965; Arden, Elizabeth,
1878-1966; Businesswomen--United States--Biography; Cosmetics
industry--United States--History; Beauty culture--United
States--History.
(Tony & Guy), Guy Mascolo (2003).
The Birth of Toni & Guy. (Tenterden,
UK: Circular Sounds, 160 p.). Co-Founder. Mascolo. Family; Toni & Guy.
Firm; Beauty operators. Great Britain. Biography.
(von Furstenberg), Diane von Furstenberg, with Linda Bird Francke
(1998).
Diane: A Signature Life. (New York, NY: Simon &
Schuster, 237 p.). Von Furstenberg, Diane; Women fashion
designers--United States--Biography.
(Louis Vuitton - 1854 house of Louis Vuitton founded as a trunk-maker), Stéphanie Bonvicini (2004). Louis Vuitton: Une
Saga Française. (Paris, FR: Fayard, 363 p.). Vuitton, Louis,
1821-1892; Vuitton family; Louis Vuitton (Firm)--History; Louis Vuitton
Moët-Hennessy (Firm)--History; Luxury goods industry--France--History;
Luggage industry--France--History.
(Louis Vuitton), Paul-Gérard Pasols; translated from the French by
Lenora Ammon (2005).
Louis Vuitton: The Birth of Modern Luxury. (New York, NY: Harry
N. Abrams, 616 p.). Former Director of Communications for Louis Vuitton.
Vuitton, Louis, 1821-1892; Louis Vuitton (Firm)--History;
Luggage--Design--History; Trunks (Luggage)--History.
Remarkable history
of the House of Vuitton.
(Louis Vuitton Japan), Kyojiro Hata (2004).
The Building of Luxury: The Visionary Genius Behind Louis Vuitton Japan.
(New York, NY: Assouline, 128 p.). Director of Louis Vuitton Japan.
Vuitton, Louis; luxury goods; turnarounds.
(Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Co.), A'Lelia Bundles (2001).
On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker. (New
York, NY: Scribner, 415 p.). Great-great Granddaughter. Walker, C. J.,
Madam, 1867-1919; Afro-American women executives--Biography; Cosmetics
industry--United States--History.
