October 14, 1834 - Henry Blair of Glenross, MD, received a patent on a "Seed Planter"; August 31, 1836 - received patent for a "Cotton-Planter"; cotton seed planter.

February 22, 1870 - First patent for a "Dining, Ironing Table and Quilting Frame Combined" issued to Black American inventor Thomas Elkins; January 9, 1872 - A second U.S. patent was issued to Elkins for a a new article of chamber furniture which he designated a "Chamber Commode"; provides a combination of "a bureau, mirror, book-rack, washstand, table, easy-chair, and earth-closet or chamber-stool"; November 4, 1879 - patent for a "Refrigerating Apparatus" for "food or corpses," which provides a convenient container and method of chilling using the evaporation of water.

November 30, 1875 - A U.S. patent for a "Biscuit Cutter" was issued to black American inventor Alexander P. Ashbourne.

January 10, 1888 - A U.S. patent was issued for the railway signal to the Black American inventor, A.B. Blackburn.

December 11, 1888 - Black American inventor, H. Creamer was issued a U.S. patent for a Steam Trap Feeder; patented five steam traps between 1887 and 1893. 

May 27, 1890 - Black American inventor F.J. Farrell was issued a patent for an "Apparatus for melting snow", a cast-iron box laid beneath the street gutter and heated with steam.

October 15, 1890 - W.R. Pettiford founded Alabama Penny Savings Bank in Birmingham, AL with $2,000 in capital; Alabama's first African American-owned bank , first of three banks in nation owned and operated by African Americans in the early 1900s.

February 23, 1892 - Black American inventor, Peter D. Smith of Springfield, OH, received U.S. patent for a "Grain Binder", a way to form a binding-rope for the sheaf from a wisp or portion of the cut grain and a mechanism to be applied to a reaper to perform this, knot the rope around the sheaf and eject it.

August 13, 1892 - Former slave John H. Murphy, Sr. began publishing U.S. black newspaper, "Afro-American" in Baltimore, MD; merged his church publication with two others; 1922 - newspaper grew from a one-page weekly church publication into most widely circulated black paper along the coastal Atlantic, used to challenge Jim Crow practices in Maryland; more than 100,000 regular readers; Afro-American Newspapers is leading news provider for African-Americans in the Baltimore / Washington, DC Metropolitan area, longest running African-American, family-owned newspaper in the nation; fourth generation members of the Murphy family continue to manage the paper.

November 23, 1897 - A U.S. patent was issued to black American inventor Andrew Jackson Beard for his invention of the "Jenny coupler" which hooked railroad cars together by allowing them to bump into each other when "horizontal jaws engage each other to connect the cars"; received $50,000 for the patent rights; other patents included a steam driven rotary engine and a double plow.

November 23, 1897 - A U.S. patent was issued for a pencil sharpener to black American inventor, John Lee Love of Fall River, Mass; pencil is put into the opening of the sharpener and rotated by hand, shavings stay inside the sharpener; by rotating the outer case, internal gears turn a pencil sharpener blade around the inserted pencil.

November 23, 1897 - A U.S. patent for an improvement in "Casting Composite or Other Wheels" was issued to black American inventor E.R. Robinson for a method in which outer sides are of one metal and the interior portions are of another metal; enabled casting a metal of high electrical conductivity (brass) in a groove of an iron trolley wheel, permitted new construction; 1894 - previous patent awarded for an "electric railway trolley."

November 20, 1923 - African-American Garrett Morgan patented an automatic traffic signal to make streets safer for motorists and pedestrians (had seen an automobile crash into a horse-drawn carriage); sold the technology for the Morgan traffic signal to General Electric Corporation for $40,000. 

February 12, 1970 - Joseph Louis Searles III becomes the first black member of the New York Stock Exchange.

October 30, 1991 - BET Holdings Inc. became the first African-American company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

(Beatrice), Reginald F. Lewis and Blair S. Walker (1995). Why Should White Guys Have All the Fun?: How Reginald Lewis Created a Billion-Dollar Business Empire. (New York, NY: Wiley, 318 p.). Lewis, Reginald F., 1942-1993; African American businesspeople--Biography; Millionaires--United States--Biography; TLC Beatrice International Holdings.

(BET), Brett Pulley (2004). The Billion Dollar BET: Robert Johnson and the Inside Story of Black Entertainment Television. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 248 p.). Senior Editor (Forbes). Johnson, Robert, 1946 April 8- ; Black Entertainment Television History; Television broadcasting United States; Executives United States Biography. 

(Archie Boston Graphic Design), Archie Boston (2001). Fly in the Buttermilk: Memoirs of an African American in Advertising, Design & Design Education. (Los Angeles, CA: Archie Boston Graphic Design, 185 p.). Boston, Archie, 1943- ; African Americans in advertising--Biography; African American executives--Biography; African Americans--Social conditions. 

(Broadside Press), Julius E. Thompson (1999). Dudley Randall, Broadside Press, and the Black Arts Movement in Detroit, 1960-1995. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 344 p.). Randall, Dudley, 1914- ; Broadside Press; American literature--African American authors--Publishing--Michigan--Detroit; Literature publishing--Michigan--Detroit--History--20th century; Publishers and publishing--United States--Biography; Publishers and publishing--Michigan--Detroit; African American arts--Michigan--Detroit; Poets, American--20th century--Biography; African American poets--Biography.

(Carol's Daughter Inc.), Lisa Price and Hilary Beard (2004). Success Never Smelled So Sweet: How I Followed My Nose and Found My Passion. (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 226 p.). Founder (Carol's Daughter, Inc.). Price, Lisa, 1962- ; Carol's Daughter, Inc.; African American businesspeople New York (State) New York Biography; Businesswomen New York (State) New York Biography; Toilet preparations industry United States. Overcoming life's obstacles, relying on our talents, pursuing our dreams - author built a $2 million line of bath and beauty products.

(Chicago Metropolitan Assurance Company), Robert E. Weems, Jr. (1996). Black Business in the Black Metropolis: The Chicago Metropolitan Assurance Company, 1925-1985. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 158 p.). Chicago Metropolitan Assurance Company -- History; Insurance companies -- Middle West -- History; African American business enterprises -- Middle West -- History.

(Coldwell Banker Middleton and Associates), Earl M. Middleton; with Joy W. Barnes (2008). Knowing Who I Am: A Black Entrepreneur’s Struggle and Success in the American South. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 183 p.). Founder and Owner of Coldwell Banker Middleton and Associates, one of the largest real-estate brokerages in Orangeburg, SC; 30-year employee of Middleton companies. Middleton, Earl M., 1919- ; South Carolina. General Assembly. House of Representatives--Biography; African American businesspeople--South Carolina--Biography; Businessmen--South Carolina--Biography; African American legislators--South Carolina--Biography; Legislators--South Carolina--Biography; African Americans--South Carolina--Social conditions--20th century; World War, 1939-1945--Participation, African American; South Carolina--Social conditions--20th century; South Carolina--Biography. 1942 - trained as Tuskegee Airman; infantry soldier in Pacific theater; 1946 - returned to Orangeburg, SC, became barber, restaurant owner, began real-estate, insurance salesman as sideline in back of barbershop, grew into one of largest, most profitable real-estate firms in Orangeburg; reputation for superior knowledge and service.

(Consolidated Bank and Trust Company), Gertrude Woodruff Marlowe (2003). A Right Worthy Grand Mission: Maggie Lena Walker and the Quest for Black Economic Empowerment. (Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 286 p.). Walker, Maggie Lena, 1867-1934; African American women--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African Americans--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; Businesswomen--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; Bankers--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; Civic leaders--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African Americans--Virginia--Richmond--Economic conditions; Richmond (Va.)--Biography; Richmond (Va.)--Race relations. 

(Def Jam Records), Kevin Liles; with Samantha Marshall (2005). Make It Happen: The Hip Hop Guide to Success. (New York, NY: Atria Books, 256 p.). Former President, Def Jam records. Success in business--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 

(Esther's Beauty Supply Company), Joseph Osborne (1994). Washing the Elephant: The Authorized Biography of Bettie Esther Parham. (Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance, 175 p.). Parham, Bettie Esther; Esther's Beauty Supply Company; African American women executives -- Biography; African American businesspeople -- Biography; Businesswomen -- United States -- Biography; Hair preparations industry -- United States.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Leroy Robinson (1983). The Famous Amos Story: The Face That Launched a Thousand Chips. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 201 p.). Founder, Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation. Amos, Wally; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States; African American businesspeople -- Biography.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Camilla Denton (1994). Man With No Name: Turn Lemons into Lemonade. (Lower Lake, CA: Aslan Pub., 154 p.). Amos, Wally; Uncle Nonamé Cookie Company; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; African American businesspeople -- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos and Eden-Lee Murray (2001). The Cookie Never Crumbles. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 202 p.). Amos, Wally; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Cookie industry--United States.

(James Forten & Sons), Julie Winch (2002). A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten. (New York: Oxford University Press, 501 p.). Forten, James, 1766-1842; African Americans--Biography; African American abolitionists--Biography; African American soldiers--Biography; African American businesspeople--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography; Free African Americans--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography; Sailmakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography; Philadelphia (Pa.)--Biography.

(Fly Clean), Eddie Hinton as told to Lynne Washburn (1988). Locker Room to Boardroom: Super Bowl Player Eddie Hinton's Strategies for Tackling Life's Choices, Challenges, and Changes. (Sugar Land, TX: Candle Pub. Co., 183 p.). Founder (Fly Clean). Hinton, Eddie, 1947- ; Hinton, Eddie, 1947- ; Football players--United States--Biography; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Football players; Businesspeople; African Americans--Biography.  

(Harlem Office Supply, Inc.), Dorothy Pitman Hughes (2000). Wake Up and Smell the Dollars! Whose Inner-City Is This Anyway!: One Woman's Struggle Against Sexism, Classism, Racism, Gentrification, and the Empowerment Zone. ( Phoenix, AZ: Amber Books, 214 p.). CEO of Harlem Office Supply, Inc. Hughes, Dorothy Pitman; African American business enterprises; Small business--United States; Enterprise zones; Women-owned business enterprises; African American businesspeople--Biography.   

(Harper Method), Jane R. Plitt (2000). Martha Matilda Harper and the American Dream: How One Woman Changed the Face of Modern Business. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 184 p.). Visiting Scholar (University of Rochester). Harper, Martha Matilda--Biography; Businesswomen--United States--Biography; Beauty shop supplies industry--Management. 

(Hotel Theresa), Sondra Kathryn Wilson (2004). Meet Me at the Theresa: The Story of Harlem's Most Famous Hotel. (New York, NY: Atria Books, 270 p.). Associate (W.E.B. Du Bois Institute, Harvard University). Hotel Theresa (New York, N.Y.)--History; Harlem (New York, N.Y.)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Harlem (New York, N.Y.)--Social life and customs--20th century; New York (N.Y.)--Buildings, structures, etc.; New York (N.Y.)--Social life and customs--20th century; African Americans--New York (State)--New York--Social life and customs--20th century.  

(Inner City Broadcasting Corp.), Farrah Gray, with Fran Harris (2004). Reallionaire: Nine Steps to Becoming Rich from the Inside Out. (Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 282 p.). Publisher, INNERCITY Magazine. Finance, Personal; Financial security. 

(Johnson Publishing), John H. Johnson with Lerone Bennett, Jr. (1989). Succeeding Against the Odds. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 372 p.). Founder, Johnson Publishing Company. Johnson, John H. (John Harold), 1918- ; Publishers and publishing--United States--Biography; Afro-American periodicals--Publishing--History--20th century; Afro-American business enterprises--History--20th century; Executives--United States--Biography.

(Kidder Peabody), Joseph Jett with Sabra Chartrand (1999). Black and White on Wall Street: The Untold Story of the Man Wrongly Accused of Bringing Down Kidder Peabody. (New York, NY: Morrow, 387 p.). Jett, Joseph; Kidder, Peabody & Co.--Employees--Biography; Insider trading in securities--United States; Securities industry--Corrupt practices--United States.

(Mark Twain Hotel), Sunnie Wilson with John Cohassey (1998). Toast of the Town: The Life and Times of Sunnie Wilson. (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 200 p.). Wilson, Sunnie, 1908- ; Louis, Joe, 1914- ; Hotelkeepers--Michigan--Detroit--Biography; African American businesspeople--Michigan--Detroit; Detroit (Mich.)--History.

(Michele Foods), Michele Hoskins with Jean A. Williams (2004). Sweet Expectations: Michele Hoskins' Recipe for Success. (Avon, MA: Adams Media, 262 p.). Founder (Michele Foods, Inc.). Hoskins, Michele; Michele Foods; African American businesspeople Illinois Biography; Businesswomen Illinois Biography; Syrup industry Illinois. 

(Motown Record Corporation), Nelson George (1985). Where Did Our Love Go?: The Rise & Fall of the Motown Sound. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 250 p.). Motown Record Corporation; Soul music--History and criticism; Afro-American musicians.

(Motown Record Corporation), Don Waller (1985). The Motown Story. (New York, NY: Scribner, 256 p.). Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording industry--United States.

(Motown Record Corporation), Sharon Davis (1988). Motown: The History. (Enfield, Middlesex, UK: Guiness Pub., 368 p.). Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording industry--United States.

(Motown Record Corporation), Berry Gordy (1994). To Be Loved: The Music, the Magic, the Memories of Motown: An Autobiography. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 432 p.). Gordy, Berry; Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording executives and producers--United States--Biography.

(Motown Record Corporation), Bill Dahl (2001). Motown: The Golden Years. (Iola, WI: Krause, 349 p.). Motown Record Corporation--History; Soul music--History and criticism; Soul musicians--United States.

(Motown Record Corporation), Gerald Posner (2003). Motown: Money, Power, Sex, and Music. (New York, NY: Random House, 350 p.). Former Wall Street Lawyer. Gordy, Berry; Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording industry--United States; Sound recording executives and producers--United States--Biography. 

(Newark Eagles), James Overmyer (1998). Queen of the Negro Leagues: Effa Manley and the Newark Eagles. (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 297 p. [rev. ed.]). Manley, Effa, 1900- ; Newark Eagles (Baseball team) -- History; Baseball team owners -- United States -- Biography; African American business enterprises; Women-owned business enterprises -- United States; Negro leagues. 

(North Carolina Mutual Life - founded in 1898 by Charles Clinton Spaulding), Jesse E. Gloster (1976). North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, Its Historical Development and Current Operations. (New York, NY: Arno Press, 349 p.). North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company; Afro-American businessmen. 

(S.I.A. Plastics), Catharo Brown, as told to Paul G. Wilson (2000). Molding a Business: Opportunity for You. (Kearney, NE: Morris Publishing, 146 p.). Brown, Catharo; S.I.A. Plastics; African American businesspeople--Wisconsin--Milwaukee--Biography; African American business enterprises--Wisconsin--Milwaukee; Entrepreneurship--Wisconsin--Milwaukee; African Americans--Wisconsin--Milwaukee--Biography; Plastics industry and trade--Wisconsin--Milwaukee.

(Supreme Life), Robert Christian Puth (1976). Supreme Life: The History of a Negro Life Insurance Company. (New York, NY: Arno Press, 293 p. [orig. pub. 1968]). Supreme Life Insurance Company of America; Afro-American businesspeople.

(Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Co.), A'Lelia Bundles (2001). On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker. (New York, NY: Scribner, 415 p.). Great-great Granddaughter. Walker, C. J., Madam, 1867-1919; Afro-American women executives--Biography; Cosmetics industry--United States--History. 

(Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Co.), Beverly Lowry (2003). Her Dream of Dreams: The Rise and Triumph of Madam C.J. Walker. (New York, NY: Knopf, 481 p.). Head of Creative Non-Fiction Program (George Mason University). Walker, C. J., Madam, 1867-1919; African American women executives--Biography; Cosmetics industry--United States--History.  

Donna Ballard (1997). Doing It for Ourselves: Success Stories of African-American Women in Business. (New York, NY: Berkley Books, 150 p.). Former Bond Analyst at Merrill Lynch & Co. African American women executives--Interviews.  

Gregory S. Bell (2002). In the Black: A History of African Americans on Wall Street. (New York, NY: Wiley, 294 p.). African American capitalists and financiers--Biography; Securities industry--United States--History.

Tim Brooks (2004). Lost sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890-1919. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 634 p.). Executive Vice President of Research (Lifetime Television). African Americans -- Music -- History and criticism; Sound recording industry -- History; Music -- United States -- History and criticism.  

John Sibley Butler (2005). Entrepreneurship and Self-Help Among Black Americans: A Reconsideration of Race and Economics. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 402 p.). African Americans--Economic conditions; African American businesspeople; Entrepreneurship--United States.

Harold Eugene Byrd (1977). The Black Experience in Big Business. (Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press, 143 p.). Byrd, Harold Eugene; African American businesspeople--Biography; Big business--United States.

Jason Chambers (2007). Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the Advertising Industry. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 322p.). Teaches Advertising (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). African Americans in advertising; Advertising--United States--History; African American consumers; African Americans and mass media. History of black advertising employees, agency owners; how blacks struggled to bring equality to advertising industry; blacks positioned themselves as experts on black consumer market, altered stereotypical perceptions of black consumers; became part of broader effort to build African American professional, entrepreneurial class, challenge negative portrayals of blacks in American culture.

Caroline V. Clarke (2001). Take a Lesson: Today's Black Achievers on How They Made It and What They Learned Along the Way. (New York, NY: Wiley, 283 p.). Editor-at-Large (Black Enterprise Magazine). African American businesspeople--Biography; African American executives--Biography; Successful people--United States--Biography; Success in business--United States--Case studies. 

Price M. Cobbs and Judith L. Turnock (2003). Cracking the Corporate Code: The Revealing Success Stories of 32 African-American Executives. (New York, NY: American Management Association, 287 p.). African American executives--Interviews; African American executives--Case studies; Success in business--United States. 

Sharon M. Collins (1997). Black Corporate Executives: The Making and Breaking of a Black Middle Class. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 196 p.). African American executives--Illinois--Chicago--Case studies; African Americans--Employment--Case studies; Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies.

Ed Davis (1979). One Man's Way. (Detroit, MI: E. Davis Associates, 194 p.). First African American Auto Dealer. Davis, Ed; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Automobile industry and trade--United States.  

George Davis and Glegg Watson (1982). Black Life in Corporate America, Swimming in the Mainstream. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 204 p.). African American executives; African American businesspeople.

Floyd Dickens, Jr., Jacqueline B. Dickens (1991). The Black Manager: Making It in the Corporate World. (New York, NY: American Management Association, 446 p.). Afro-American executives; Career development--United States.

Derek Dingle (1999). Black Enterprise Titans of the B.E. 100s: Black CEOs Who Redefined and Conquered American Business. (New York, NY: Wiley, 238 p.). African-American Enterprise, African-American CEOs.

John P. Fernandez (1975). Black Managers in White Corporations. (New York, NY: Wiley, 308 p.). Executives--United States; African American executives; African Americans--Employment.

Rayvon Fouché (2003). Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation: Granville T. Woods, Lewis H. Latimer, and Shelby J. Davidson. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 225 p.). Assistant Professor in the Department of Science and Technology Studies (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute). Woods, Granville, 1856-1910; Latimer, Lewis Howard, 1848-1928; Davidson, Shelby J. (Shelby Jeames), b. 1868; African American inventors--Biography; Inventions--United States--History--19th century; Inventions--United States--History--20th century.

Earl G. Graves (1997). How To Succeed in Business Without Being White: Straight Talk on Making It in America. (New York, Y: HarperBusiness, 295 p.). Success in business; Afro-American businesspeople.

Jonathan D. Greenberg (1990). Staking a Claim: Jake Simmons and the Making of an African-American Oil Dynasty. (New York, NY: Atheneum, 311 p.). Simmons, Jake, 1901-1981; African American businesspeople--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Africa, West--History; Civil rights movements--United States--History.

Theresa A. Hammond (2002). A White-Collar Profession: African American Certified Public Accountants Since 1921. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 216 p.). Associate Professor of Accounting, Ernst & Young Research Fellow in Diversity Studies (Boston College). Accounting--United States--History--20th century; African American Accountants--Biography.  

Wendy Harris (2001). Against All Odds: Ten Entrepreneurs Who Followed Their Hearts and Found Success. (New York, NY: Wiley, 237 p.). African American businesspeople--Biography; Businesspeople--Biography; Entrepreneurship--Biography; Business enterprises, Black.

Lynn M. Hudson (2003). The Making of "Mammy Pleasant": A Black Entrepreneur in Nineteenth-Century San Francisco. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 193 p.). Pleasant, Mary Ellen, 1814-1904; African American women -- Biography; African Americans -- Biography; African American businesspeople -- California -- San Francisco -- Biography; Businesswomen -- California -- San Francisco -- Biography; San Francisco (Calif.) -- Biography; San Francisco (Calif.) -- History -- 19th century; African Americans -- California -- San Francisco -- History -- 19th century; San Francisco (Calif.) -- Race relations.  

Alusine Jalloh (1999). African Entrepreneurship: Muslim Fula Merchants in Sierra Leone. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 288 p.). Merchants--Sierra Leone--Freetow; Fula (African people)--Sierra Leone--Freetown; Islam--Economic aspects--Sierra Leone--Freetown; Entrepreneurship--Sierra Leone--Freetown

Carol Jenkins and Elizabeth Gardner Hines (2005). Black Titan: A.G. Gaston and the Making of a Black American Millionaire. (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 320 p.). Gaston, A. G. (Arthur George), b. 1892; African American businesspeople--Biography; Millionaires--United States--Biography.

Whittington B. Johnson (1993). The Promising Years, 1750-1830: The Emergence of Black Labor and Business. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 272 p.). African Americans--Economic conditions; African Americans--Employment--History; African American businesspeople--History.

Donald Franklin Joyce (1983). Gatekeepers of Black Culture: Black-Owned Book Publishing in the United States, 1817-1981. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 249 p.). Publishers and publishing--United States--History; Book industries and trade--United States--History; African American business enterprises--History.

Michael E. Lomax (2003). Black Baseball Entrepreneurs, 1860-1901: Operating by Any Means Necessary. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 222 p.). Teacher of Physical Education, Sports Studies (University of Georgia). African American baseball team owners--History--19th century; Baseball--United States--History--19th century; African American business enterprises--History--19th century; Entrepreneurship--United States--History--19th century. 

Niki Butler Mitchell (2000). The New Color of Success: Twenty Young Black Millionaires Tell You How They're Making It. (Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 268 p.). Wealth--United States; Millionaires--United States; Afro-American businesspeople--Interviews; Success in business--United States--Case studies.

Janice Ward Moss (2003). The History and Advancement of African Americans in the Advertising Industry, 1895-1999. (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 104 p.). Advertising -- United States -- History; African Americans in advertising; African American consumers.

Gwendolyn Parker (1997). Trespassing: My Sojourn in the Halls of Privilege. (New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin, 209 p.). Harvard-educated, ex-international tax lawyer and marketing manager on Wall Street (10 years). Parker, Gwendolyn M.; Novelists, American--20th century--Biography; African American novelists--Biography; Race relations--United States.

Michael A. Plater (1996). African American Entrepreneurship in Richmond, 1890-1940: The Story of R.C. Scott. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 191 p.). Scott, R. C. (Robert Crafton), 1888-1957; African American businesspeople--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African American business enterprises--Virginia--Richmond--History; Undertakers and undertaking--Virginia--Richmond--History; Entrepreneurship--Virginia--Richmond.

Ed. Carroll Pursell (2005). A Hammer in Their Hands: Documentary History of Technology and the African-American Experience. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 304 p.). Adjunct Professor of Modern History (Macquarie University, Australia). Technology--United States--History; Technology--Social aspects--United States--History; African Americans--History. 

ed. Bruce Sinclair (2004). Technology and the African-American Experience: Needs and Opportunities for Study. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 236 p.). Senior Fellow at the Dibner Institute (MIT), Formerly Melvin Kranzberg Professor of the History of Technology (Georgia Institute of Technology). Technology--United States--History; Technology--Social aspects--United States--History.; African Americans--History; United States--Race relations. 

Cheryl A. Smith; Foreword by Laurent Parks Daloz (2005). Market Women: Black Women Entrepreneurs--Past, Present, and Future. (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. African American women executives; African American businesspeople; Businesswomen--United States. 

William R. Spivey (1991). Succeeding in Corporate America: A Case Study of a Black American Against the Odds. (New York, NY: Vantage Press, 133 p.). Spivey, William R., 1946- ; Success in business--United States--Case studies; African American businesspeople--Case studies; African American executives--Biography.

Juliet E.K. Walker (1998). The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, Entrepreneurship. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 482 p.). Professor in the History Department (University of Texas at Austin). Afro-American business enterprises--History.

ed. Juliet E.K. Walker (1999). Encyclopedia of African American Business History. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 721 p.). Professor in the History Department (University of Texas at Austin).  Afro-American business enterprises--History; Afro-American business enterprises--Encyclopedias; Slavery--United States--Chronology.

Robert E.. Weems, Jr. (1998). Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the Twentieth Century. (New York, NY: New York University Press, 195 p.). African American consumers--History--20th century; Racism--United States--History--20th century.

Michael D. Woodard (1997). Black Entrepreneurs in America: Stories of Struggle and Success. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 254 p.). Afro-American business enterprises--Management--Case studies; Success in business--United States--Case studies.

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Business History Links

Black Enterprise                                   http://www.blackenterprise.co.uk/                                                     Black Enterprise Awards                  http://www.blackenterpriseawards.com/                                       Launched in 1999, Black Enterprise is the ONLY regular publisher of business news and events for its target audience. UK's only independent national awards to celebrate, recognize and reward African Caribbean and African British entrepreneurs and corporate leaders.

The Black Inventor Online Museum  http://www.blackinventor.com/                                                             This commercial site presents brief information about dozens of Black inventors from the United States. Some entries include portraits and images. Also includes a browsable timeline covering 1721-1988. Searchable. Note: Does not include bibliographic information.

Black Inventors, Patebt Holders List http://inventors.about.com/od/blackinventors/a/Black_History.htm  Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued, and a description of the invention as written by the inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles, biographies, illustrations and photos on each individual inventor or patent.

Center for Black Business History, Entrepreneurship, and Technology http://www.utexas.edu/research/centerblackbusiness/                  Founded at the University of Texas at Austin in 2002 by Professor Juliet E. K. Walker (professor in the History Department); first center established at any American college or university that will provide a comprehensive, inclusive and collaborative study of all aspects of black business from various disciplines in the liberal arts, specifically within the context of the impact of racial capitalism on black business activity.