1943 -
Mary T. Washington passed the Illinois CPA exam, became the first female
black CPA. In 1943, after working for the Fuller Brush Co., she started
her own CPA firm with Fuller as a client. The firm is still in existence
today as Washington, Pittman and McKeever.
September 18, 1997
- Coopers & Lybrand and Price Waterhouse agreed to merge to create the
world's biggest accounting firm.
March 26, 2002
- Arthur Andersen chief executive Joseph Berardino resigned, bowing to
mounting pressure as a result of the accounting firm's role in the Enron
scandal.
June 15, 2003
- A jury in Houston convicted accounting firm Arthur Andersen of
obstruction of justice.
2006 -
Glass Lewis & Co., investment research and proxy advisory firm,
conducted a study of changes in company auditors; found that 1,430
public companies in the U.S. changed auditors in 2005, a turnover rate
of 11.3% - vs. 1,451 companies in 2004; turnover biggest at small
companies (60% of departures characterized as firings, rest as
resignations); SEC does not require explanations for departures and none
was given in 72% of cases in 2005 up from 58% 2004; 82% of companies
audited by Big Four accounting firms gave no explanation. Raises
question: should SEC require all companies to explain departures in all
cases, for investor protection?
(Akintola Williams & Co.), Eno L. Inanga (1992). History of Akintola
Williams & Co., 1952-1992: [A Case Study of the Growth and Development
of the First Indigenous Firm of \Chartered Accountants in Nigeria].
(Lagos, Nigeria: West African Book Publishers, 156 p.). Akintola
Williams & Co.--History; Accounting firms--Nigeria--History.
(American Accounting Association), Stephen A. Zeff (1991).
American Accounting Association: Its First 50 Years, 1916-1966.
(Sarasota, FL: The Association, 90 p. [orig. pub. 1966]). American
Accounting Association--History.
(Arthur Andersen), Arthur Andersen & Co. (1984).
The First Fifty
Years, 1913-1963. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 201 p. [orig. pub.
1974]). Arthur Andersen & Co.--History. Series: Accounting history and
the development of a profession.
(Arthur Andersen), Arthur Andersen & Co. (1974). The First Sixty
Years, 1913-1973. (Chicago, IL: A. Andersen, 189 p.). Arthur
Andersen & Co.--History.
(Arthur Andersen), Barbara Ley Toffler with Jennifer Reingold (2003).
Final Accounting: Ambition, Greed, and the Fall of Arthur Andersen.
(New York, NY: Broadway Books, p.). Founder, Arthur Andersen's Ethics
Consulting Group (former teacher of ethics at HBS). Arthur Andersen &
Co.; Accounting firms--Corrupt practices--United States.
(Arthur Andersen), Susan E. Squires, Cynthia Smith, Lorna McDougall,
William R. Yeack (2003).
Inside Arthur Andersen: Shifting Values,
Unexpected Consequences. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Prentice Hall,
185 p.). Ex-Andersen employees. Arthur Andersen & Co; Corporate culture.
(Clarkson Gordon), Clarkson, Gordon & Co. (1964).
The Story of the
Firm, 1864-1964: Clarkson, Gordon & Co. (Toronto, ON: Clarkson,
Gordon & Co., 148 p.). Clarkson, Gordon & Co. -- History; Accountants --
Canada.
(Clarkson Gordon), David MacKenzie (1989). The Clarkson Gordon
Story: In Celebration of 125 Years. (Toronto, ON: Clarkson Gordon,
171 p.). Clarkson, Gordon (Firm) -- History.
(Cooper Brothers & Co.), The Company (1986).
A History of Cooper
Brothers & Co., 1854-1954. (New York, NY: Garland, 116 p. [orig.
privately pub. 1954]). Cooper Brothers & Co.--History; Accounting
firms--Great Britain--History; Accounting--Great Britain--History.
(Coopers & Lybrand),
Robert H. Montgomery, C. P. A. (1939). Fifty Years of Accountancy.
(New York, NY: Ronald Press Company - privately printed, 679 p.).
Co-Founder Lybrand, Ross Bros. & Montgomery. Accounting.
(Coopers & Lybrand), The
Firm (1984). The Early History of Coopers & Lybrand. (New York,
NY: Garland Pub., 168 p.). Coopers & Lybrand--History.
(Coopers & Lybrand), Lord Henry Alexander Benson (1989).
Accounting for Life: An Autobiography. (London, UK: Kogan Page,
241 p.). Benson, Sire Henry; Coopers & Lybrand (Great Britain)--History;
Great Britain Accountancy.
(Coopers & Lybrand), Raymond Flower (1991).
Lords of the Abacus:
100 Years of Coopers & Lybrand in Singapore, 1890-1990. (Singapore:
Times Editions, 160 p.). Coopers & Lybrand (Singapore)--History; Coopers
& Lybrand--History; Accounting firms--Singapore--History; Business
consultants--Singapore--History.
(Coopers & Lybrand), Malcolm Falkus (1993). Called to Account: A
History of Coopers & Lybrand in Australia. (St. Leonards, NSW,
Australia: Allen & Unwin, 255 p.). Coopers & Lybrand
(Australia)--History; Accounting firms--Australia--History.
(Cork Gully), Sir Kenneth Cork with Hugh Barty-King (1988).
Cork on Cork: Sir Kenneth Cork Takes Stock. (London, UK:
Macmillan, 265 p.). Cork, Sir Kenneth Biographies; Great Britain
Accountancy.
(Craig Gardner & Co.), Tony Farmar (1988).
A History of Craig Gardner & Co.: The First 100 Years. (Dublin,
IR: Gill and Macmillan, 239 p.). Craig Gardner (Firm).
(Curtis Jenkins Cornwell), S.V.P. Cornwell (1991).
Curtis Jenkins
Cornwell & Co.: A Study in Professional Origins, 1816-1966. (New
York, NY: Garland, 161 p.). Curtis Jenkins Cornwell & Co.--History;
Accounting firms--England--History.
(Deloitte & Co.), Compiled by Sir Russell Kettle (1982). Deloitte &
Co., 1845-1956. (New York, NY: Garland, 171 p. [orig. pub. 1958]).
Deloitte & Co.; Accounting firms--England--London--Case
studies--History.
(Ernst & Whinney - Founded in 1894 by Arthur Young, 1903 by
Alvin A. C. Ernst and Theodore Ernst), Edgar Jones; introduction by Peter Mathias
(1981).
Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980: The
Evolution of Ernst & Whinney. (London, UK: B.T. Batsford, 288
p.). Ernst & Whinney; Accounting--Great Britain--History;
Accounting firms--Great Britain.
(Hancock), William Threipland Baxter (1965).
The House of
Hancock. (New York, NY: Russell & Russell, 321 p. [orig. pub.
1945]). South African Professor of Accounting. Hancock, Thomas,
1703-1764. [from old catalog]; Hancock, John, 1737-1793. [from old
catalog]; Boston--History--Colonial period. [from old catalog];
Boston--Commerce. [from old catalog]. Study of House of Hancock's
accounting methods offers great insight into business practices in
Colonial Boston.
(Haskins & Sells), The Firm (1984). Haskins & Sells: Our First
Seventy-Five Years. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 192 p. [orig.
pub. 1970]). Haskins & Sells--History.
(Institute of Internal Auditors), Victor Z. Brink (1977).
Foundations for Unlimited Horizons: The Institute of Internal
Auditors, 1941-1976. (Altamonte Springs, FL: The Institute,
177 p.). Institute of Internal Auditors.
(International Accounting Standards Board), Kees Camfferman and
Stephen A. Zeff (2006).
Financial Reporting and Global Capital Markets: A History of the
International Accounting Standards Committee, 1973-2000. (New
York, NY: Oxford University Press. International Accounting Standards
Board; International Accounting Standards Committee;
Accounting--Standards; Financial statements--Standards.
(KPMG), Audrey Armitage (1995).
100 Years: Smith Johnson & Co.
to KPMG: 1895 to 1995. (Paddington, NSW: KMPG, 220 p.). Klynveld
Peat Marwick Goerdeler--History; Accounting firms--Australia--History.
(KMPG), Eugene O'Kelly (2005).
Chasing Daylight: How My Forthcoming Death Transformed My Life.
(New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 160 p.). Former CEO, KMPG (April 2002-June
2005). O'Kelly, Eugene Desmond; death and dying; cancer.
Thoughts on living and dying:
confront your own mortality, sooner rather than
later; learn true value of the present.
(Kenneth Leventhal), Mara Purl (1988).
Kenneth Leventhal &
Company: A History of the Firm. (Los Angeles, CA: K. Leventhal, 128
p.). Kenneth Leventhal & Company; Accounting firms--United
States--History.
(Thomas McLintock Company), Rex Winsbury (1977).
Thomas McLintock and Company: The First Hundred Years 1877-1977.
(Glasgow, Scotland: Seeley, Service & Co., 164 p.). Thomas McLintock and
Company; Accountants -- Scotland. The story of a Glasgow based
accounting firm.
(Peat Marwick), Samuel A. Cypert (1991).
Following the Money: The
Inside Story of Accounting's First Mega-Merger. (New York, NY:
AMACOM, 279 p.). Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler--History; Peat Marwick
International--History; Klynveld, Main, Goerdeler (Firm)--History;
Accounting firms--Reorganization--History; Consolidation and merger of
corporations--History.
(Pogson, Peloubet & Co.),,Maurice E. Peloubet (2000).
The
Story of a Fortunate Man: Reminiscences and Recollections of
Fifty-Three Years of Professional Accounting. (New York, NY: JAI,
132 p.). Peloubet, Maurice E., 1892-1976; Accountants--United
States--Biography; Accounting--United States--History.
(PriceWaterhouse - 1849 - Samuel Lowell Price enters business; 1854
- William Cooper starts firm; 1865 - Price, Holyland and
Edwin Waterhouse form partnership; 1874 - name changed to Price,
Waterhouse & Co.) George O. May, ed. Bishop C. Hunt, (1936).
Twenty-Five
Years of Accounting Responsibility, 1911-1936. (New York, NY:
Price Waterhouse, 2 vols.). Price Waterhouse. Hunt's 25th anniversary
as senior partner of Price, Waterhouse.
(PriceWaterhouse), ed. Edgar Jones (1988).
The Memoirs of Edwin
Waterhouse. (London, UK: Batsford, 248 p.). Waterhouse, Edwin,
1841-1917; Accountants--Great Britain--Biography
(PriceWaterhouse), David Grayson Allen and Kathleen McDermott
(1993).
Accounting for Success: A History of Price Waterhouse in
America, 1890-1990. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press,
373 p.). Price Waterhouse (Firm)--History; Accounting--United
States--History. Fisrt 100 years of one of the Big 8 accounting firms.
(PriceWaterhouse), Edgar Jones (1995).
True and Fair: A History
of Price Waterhouse. (New York, NY: Hamish Hamilton, 443 p.).
Price Waterhouse.
(Touche Ross & Co.), Theodor Swanson (1990).
Touche Ross, a Biography. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 96 p.).
Touche Ross & Co.--History; Accounting firms--United States--History;
Accountants--United States--Biography.
James Aho (2005).
Confession and Bookkeeping: The Religious, Moral, and Rhetorical Roots
of Modern Accounting. (Albany, NY: State University of New
York Press, 131 p.). Bookkeeping--History; Accounting--Moral and
ethical aspects; Capitalism--Moral and ethical aspects;
Economics--Religious aspects--Catholic Church--History; Christian
sociology--Catholic Church--History.
eds. Peter Boys and John Freear (1992). Accounting History,
1976-1986: An Anthology. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 402
p.). Accounting History.
Mike Brewster (2003).
Unaccountable: How the Accounting
Profession Forfeited a Public Trust. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 328 p.).
Former Communications Director, KPMG. Accounting--Moral and ethical
aspects; Public interest; Responsibility.
Stuart W. Bruchey (1976).
Robert Oliver and Mercantile
Bookkeeping in the Early Nineteenth Century. (New York, NY: Arno
Press, 120 p.). Oliver, Robert, 1757?-1834; Bookkeeping--History.
eds. Michael Chatfield and Richard Vangermeersch (1996). The
History of Accounting: An International Encyclopedia. (New York,
NY: Garland Publishing, 670 p.). Academics. Accounting, History. On
the 500th anniversary of the first printed publication in accounting,
this encyclopedia is a prime reference source on the history of
accounting practice and thought. 400 entries, 153 contributors.
ed J.R. Edwards (1994). Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers.
(New York, NY: Routledge, 374 p.). Accounting--History--20th century.
Theresa A. Hammond (2002).
A White-Collar Profession: African
American Certified Public Accountants Since 1921. (Chapel Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press, 216 p.). Associate Professor
of Accounting, Ernst & Young Research Fellow in Diversity Studies
(Boston College). Accounting--United States--History--20th century;
African American accountants--Biography.
C.L. Knight, Gary J. Previts and T.A. Ratcliffe (1976). A
Reference Chronology of Events Significant to the Development of
Accountancy in the United States. (University, AL: Academy of
Accounting Historians (James Madison University ?), 102 p.).
Accounting History
eds. Thomas A. Lee and Stephen P. Walker (1999).
Studies in
Early Professionalism: Scottish Chartered Accountants: 1853-1918.
(New York, NY: Garland Publishing. Accounting-History. Part of Series:
"New Works in Accounting History".
ed. Thomas A. Lee (1996).
Shaping the Accounting Profession: The
Story of Three Scottish Pioneers. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing,
240 p.). Accounting-History. Part of Series: "New Works in
Accounting History". George A. Jamieson (1828-1900), Alexander
Sloan (1843-1927) and Richard Brown (1856-1918).
eds. Thomas A. Lee , Ashton C. Bishop and Robert H. Parker (1996).
Accounting
History from the Renaissance to the Present: A Remembrance of Luca
Pacioli. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing. Accounting, History.
Part of Series: "New Works in Accounting History". Pacioli
died about 1514.
Thomas A. Lee (2006).
Seekers of Truth: The Scottish Founders of Modern Public Accountancy.
(Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 445 p.). Finance,
Public--Scotland--Accounting--History; Municipal
finance--Scotland--Accounting--History;
Accountants--Scotland--Biography.
Biographies of 138 accountants involved in the creation of three
professional bodies that combined to form the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) in 1951.
Derek Matthews, Malcolm Anderson, and John Richard Edwards (1998).
The Priesthood of Industry: The Rise of the Professional Accountant
in British Management. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 357
p.). Accounting--Great Britain--History; Accounting firms--Great
Britain; Accountants--Great Britain--History.
Derek Matthews, Jim Pirie (2001).
The Auditors Talk: An Oral History of a Profession from the 1920s to
the Present Day. (New York, NY: Garland, 494 p.). Auditors --
Interviews; Auditing -- History -- 20th century.
Paul B.W. Miller, Rodney J. Redding and Paul R. Bahnson. (1998).
The
FASB: The People, the Process and the Politics. (Boston, MA:
Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 216 p. (4th ed.)). Financial Accounting Standards
Board; Accounting--Standards--United States.
Paul J. Miranti, Jr. (1990).
Accountancy Comes of Age: The
Development of an American Profession, 1886-1940. (Chapel Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press, 275 p.). Accounting Industry.
The industry's formative years.
Gary J. Previts and Barbara D. Merino (1998).
A History of
Accountancy in the United States: The Cultural Significance of
Accounting. (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 577 p.).
Accounting--United States--History.
Mark Stevens (1981).
The Big Eight. (New York, NY: Macmilan,
240 p.). Accounting, Competition. Big 8 was, for years, the standard
designation of accounting industry structure.
--- (1985).
The Accounting Wars. (New York, NY: Macmillan,
261 p.). Accounting, Competition
--- (1991).
The Big Six: The Selling out of America's Top
Accounting Firms. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 271 p.).
Accounting, Consolidation. Mergers change face of the industry.
Richard Vangermeersch 1986). The Contributions of Alexander Hamilton Church to
Accounting and Management. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 185
p.). Managerial Cost Accounting.
--- (1988). Alexander Hamilton Church: A Man of Ideas for All
Seasons. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 122 p.). Managerial
Accounting.
Dorothy Whitner (2003).
Life and Times. (Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing, 433 p.).
Second woman in the State of Virginia to obtain her CPA. Whitner,
Dorothy; Accountants -- Canada; Bookkeeping--History.
Harvey S. Wineberg (1998).
Thanks for Your Trust: Memories of an Untamed Accountant.
(Chicago, IL: Bonus Books, 203 p.). Wineberg, Harvey S.;
Accountants--United States--Biography,.
________________________________________________________
Business History Links
Academy of Accounting
Historians
Http://Weatherhead.Cwru.Edu/Accounting/
Accounting and Business History Research Unit
http://www.cf.ac.uk/carbs/research/abhru/index.html
Formed in 1989, World’s leading accounting history research unit. The
specific aims of ABHRU are: to publish world class research
publications; to encourage research in accounting and business
history; to provide a focal point for inter-disciplinary and
international comparative research involving accounting and business
history; to arrange conferences; and to provide business and
accounting history inputs to courses at undergraduate and postgraduate
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Virtual Museum of Accounting History
Http://Accounting.Rutgers.Edu/Summa/Summa/Subjects/Acchis.Html
